Hardy Annual

30:2, Reviews (which served as printer's copy for the 1895 Wessex Novels edition) which have revisions in Hardy's hand, the manuscript of the dance scene used as printer's copy for the re-installation of this scene in the novel's text in the 1912 Wessex Edition (the episode is also in the manuscript, with only slight differences), and Hardy's "study copy" of the Wessex Edition (now in the Dorset County Museum) with alterations indicated on the flyleaf and written on affected pages, which Hardy evidently intended to be incorporated in the text when the plates were corrected. Also included are the draft manuscript of the prefatory note to the first edition of 1891 and marked proof for the Wessex Edition of the title-page, the general preface to the Wessex Edition, and the several prefaces to the novel written over the previous twenty years, which he characteristically revised anew for the Wessex Edition. (It is regrettable that one of the owners of the dispersed manuscript of the "Saturday Night in Arcady" section refused permission for its reproduction, leading to Gatrell's decision not to reproduce any of the leaves for this part of the novel. Otherwise these two volumes include all the extant holograph material for Tess.) Such materials are less numerous for TAe Return of the Native: they include Hardy's very interesting manuscript "Sketch Map of the Scene of the Story" which was reproduced in the first edition, and Hardy's "study copy" with two revisions marked in it, one for the preface. I have not attempted in this review to discuss any of the critical or editorial issues that might be addressed through a study of either of these manuscripts; such issues can be located, and these volumes' relevance ascertained, by a study of Gatrell and Grindle's edition of Tess and by a survey of the secondary literature on the writing of TAe Return of the Native. (Gatrell's bibliographies in these volumes are good starting points to find the books, articles, and reviews.) It has been my intention to describe what it is that Garland offers at a price which at first glance might seem expensive. Since I often comment in reviews on a book's price, it is only fair to say here that these volumes are very good value. The less legible photographic prints of the manuscript of TAe Mayor of Casterbridge which I refer to above cost slightly more than $150, and this did not include the cost of obtaining the microfilm (which the library already had). Dale Kramer University of Illinois _______________________________________at Urbana-Champaign___________ HARDY ANNUAL Norman Page, ed. Thomas Hardy Annual No. 4. London: Macmillan; Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1986. $45.00 Thomas Hardy Annual No. 4 reminds readers that Hardy did not dwell exclusively on the eternal themes of love, religion and death, but that—as the seven major articles here demonstrate—he had an intense and lifelong interest also in such 227 30:2, Reviews secondary subjects as music, archaeology, architecture and social history. Norman Page's editorial objective is to reflect this wide range in Hardy's interests, and additionally "to make available new scholarly and critical studies by writers whose different standpoints and approaches may themselves be found stimulating and suggestive." He fulfills both aims admirably. The source-and-influence approach is represented by F. B. Pinion's "Jude the Obscure: Origins in Life and Literature," in which several of Hardy's personal acquaintances—but more especially Sarah Grand's TAe Heavenly Twins—are offered as "models" for situations and characters in Jude. A familiar critical approach is applied also by Simon Gatrell, whose structuralist reading of several of Hardy's "middling" novels develops the thesis that, whereas in the novels prior to 1878 Hardy was working towards "the complete integration of the natural environment with the . . . thematic structures of the novels," in the middle novels Hardy "attempts to discover to what extent buildings can embody the essentials of his human story. . . ." Gatrell's reading explores the significance of various structures (huts, houses, public buildings, the feudal castle, the tower) in several of Hardy's "middle" novels. The title of...