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The Effort–Outcome Gap: Differences for African American and Hispanic Community College Students in Student Engagement and Academic Achievement
- The Journal of Higher Education
- The Ohio State University Press
- Volume 79, Number 5, September/October 2008
- pp. 513-539
- 10.1353/jhe.0.0018
- Article
- Additional Information
This study examined the relationship between student engagement and educational outcomes for community college students from various racial/ethnic groups (n = 3,143). Results suggest an Effort–Outcome Gap may exist for African American students—the result of having to expend more effort in attempting to overcome myriad barriers to academic success.