Biographies of Contributors
Marnix Thomas Croes holds M.A. degrees in modern history and political science from the University of Amsterdam. He received his Ph.D. in social science in 2004 from the Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology of the Universities of Groningen, Nijmegen, and Utrecht. His dissertation, which was co-authored by Peter Tammes, was awarded the research prize of the Praemium Erasmianum Foundation in 2004. Dr. Croes works for the Research and Documentation Center of the Netherlands Ministry of Justice.
Frank Ephraim was born in Berlin in 1931. In February 1939, soon after Kristallnacht, his family emigrated to the Philippines. They remained there for eight years, including three years under Japanese occupation. When Ephraim was fifteen, his family moved to the United States. After serving in the Army during the Korean War, Ephraim received a B.S. in mechanical engineering and naval architecture from the University of California at Berkeley and an M.B.A. from George Washington University. Following a distinguished career at the United States Maritime Administration and the United States Department of Transportation, Ephraim retired in 1995. In 1997 he began research for his monograph, Escape to Manila: From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror (2003). He served as a volunteer for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum beginning in 1992, and contributed a number of short stories to the USHMM publication Echoes of Memory. Frank Ephraim passed away on August 27, 2006.
Pim Griffioen and Ron Zeller studied history at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, and are completing a joint Ph.D. thesis entitled "Comparison of the Persecution of the Jews in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands during the Second World War." They published an earlier comparative study on the Holocaust in Belgium and the Netherlands. The research upon which their article in this issue of Holocaust and Genocide Studies is based was commissioned by the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation in Amsterdam, and co-financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research in The Hague. The authors are participants in the University of Konstanz's interdisciplinary research project "Holocaust and 'Polyocracy' in Western Europe, 1940–1944."
Leonid Rein received his Ph.D. from the University Haifa in 2005. His dissertation dealt with local collaboration in Nazi-occupied Belorussia. His article "The Orthodox Church in Byelorussia Under Nazi Occupation (1941–1944)" appeared in East European Quarterly 39, no.1, in 2005. Currently, Dr. Rein holds a postdoctoral fellowship at the Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte in Stuttgart, Germany. His research project is entitled "The Encounter between Germans and Ostjuden during the First World War and its Aftermath."
