Institutions of Foreign Exchange Settlement in a Two-Country Model

Fujiki (2003) extends the Freeman (1996) model to show that when combined, an elastic money supply in the foreign exchange market and an elastic money supply in the domestic credit market yield efficiency gains in monetary equilibrium. This paper discusses whether three other institutional designs could achieve the same improvement in efficiency: (1) a private arrangement based on a payment versus a payment settlement standard supported by central banks' free intraday credit, (2) a financial institution that provides a negotiable certificate of deposit, and (3) a currency union.