Bound Lives
Africans, Indians, and the Making of Race in Colonial Peru
Publication Year: 2012
Published by: University of Pittsburgh Press
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
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pp. vii-
Acknowledgments
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pp. ix-xii
Introduction: Constructing Casta on Peru's Northern Coast
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pp. 1-16
How did Africans become "blacks" and and Andeans become “Indians” during the “long” seventeenth century that spilled from the 1600s into the 1700s?1 Named as “Indians,” indigenous people were considered by the crown as vassals and therefore corporate members of colonial society. In this capacity coastal Andeans were expected to pay tribute, serve labor obligations...
1. Between Black and Indian: Labor Demands and the Crown's Casta
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pp. 17-34
In the early seventeenth century, Father Bernardino de Cárdenas lamented that indigenous people in the viceroyalty of Peru were treated as slaves. He warned that Spaniards forced “poor Indians” to work in the highland mines. Indians, declared the Franciscan, were free people and as...
2. Working Slavery’s Value, Making Diaspora Kinships
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pp. 35-63
The application of royal mandates varied according to economic and political circumstances. As mentioned previously, however, enslaved Africans and their descendants could claim limited protections from abusive owners, were able to be married and baptized as Catholics, and participated...
3. Acting as a Legal Indian: Natural Vassals and Worrisome Natives
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pp. 64-87
Secular legal discourse communicated an exclusion of Africans and their descendants from colonial society and extended more rhetorical inclusions to Andeans as Indians. Africans, especially those who recently survived multiple slave trades to Peru, invested in kinship connections and employed their market value to build new relationships within enslavement....
4. Market Exchanges and Meeting the Indians Elsewhere
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pp. 88-121
In the 1640s Captain Gabriel, his lieutenant Domingo, and those who inhabited their palenque—or community of escaped slaves—relied on their market relations with coastal Andeans to survive in their hillside settlement. Though accused of attacking Indians, Gabriel and his companions traded...
5. Justice within Slavery
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pp. 122-156
If Andeans negotiated with the impositions of tribute and the reducción, the enslaved contended with how slavery functioned, especially as sugar estates expanded in the northern coastal valleys during the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century. To understand possibilities encapsulated in the casta “black,” this chapter examines the mechanics...
Conclusion: The Laws of Casta, the Making of Race
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pp. 157-170
In the early seventeenth century, the Andean chronicler don Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala composed a lengthy, illustrated letter to the king describing, among other themes, how the Spanish had disrupted indigenous society. Writing as a native vassal, Guaman Poma petitioned the crown to...
Appendix 1: Origin of Slaves Sold in Trujillo over Time by Percentage (1640–1730)
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p. 171-171
Appendix 2: Price Trends of Slaves Sold in Trujillo (1640–1730)
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p. 172-172
Explanation of Appendix Data
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p. 173-173
Notes
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pp. 175-222
Glossary
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pp. 223-226
Bibliography
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pp. 227-250
Index
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pp. 251-257
E-ISBN-13: 9780822977964
E-ISBN-10: 0822977966
Print-ISBN-13: 9780822961932
Print-ISBN-10: 0822961938
Page Count: 280
Publication Year: 2012
Series Title: Pitt Latin American Series
Series Editor Byline: John Charles Chasteen and Catherine M. Conaghan, Editors
