The CIOMS guidelines have been developed and revised with the problems of conducting
medical research in less developed countries particularly in mind. The proposed guidelines
were first published in 1982, revised in 1993, and have now been published in a third
version after a revision process lasting three years. Last month the Bulletin published just
one guideline and accompanying commentary. There now follow all the guidelines, without
commentary, but with an appendix detailing what should be in a protocol.

抄録< jats: p> Progress towards a world where all can enjoy optimal health and health care
is crucially dependent on all kinds of research including research involving humans.
Involving humans in medical research is necessary to improve the knowledge base on
which medicine should be based. At the same time, individuals participating in health-
related research have individual human rights and have a right to be protected against the
risks that research may bring to them. The tension between these two considerations has led …