Connecting race and place: a county-level analysis of White, Black, and Hispanic HIV prevalence, poverty, and level of urbanization
AS Vaughan, E Rosenberg… - … journal of public …, 2014 - ajph.aphapublications.org
American journal of public health, 2014•ajph.aphapublications.org
Objectives. We evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence
across levels of urbanization. Methods. Using national HIV surveillance data from the year
2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome
of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence rates and covariates of race/ethnicity, poverty,
and other publicly available data. We estimated model-based Black–White and Hispanic–
White prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) across levels of urbanization and poverty. Results. We …
across levels of urbanization. Methods. Using national HIV surveillance data from the year
2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome
of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence rates and covariates of race/ethnicity, poverty,
and other publicly available data. We estimated model-based Black–White and Hispanic–
White prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) across levels of urbanization and poverty. Results. We …
Objectives. We evaluated the role of poverty in racial/ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence across levels of urbanization.
Methods. Using national HIV surveillance data from the year 2009, we constructed negative binomial models, stratified by urbanization, with an outcome of race-specific, county-level HIV prevalence rates and covariates of race/ethnicity, poverty, and other publicly available data. We estimated model-based Black–White and Hispanic–White prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) across levels of urbanization and poverty.
Results. We observed racial/ethnic disparities for all strata of urbanization across 1111 included counties. Poverty was associated with HIV prevalence only in major metropolitan counties. At the same level of urbanization, Black–White and Hispanic–White PRRs were not statistically different from 1.0 at high poverty rates (Black–White PRR = 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 2.9; Hispanic–White PRR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.6). In nonurban counties, racial/ethnic disparities remained after we controlled for poverty.
Conclusions. The association between HIV prevalence and poverty varies by level of urbanization. HIV prevention interventions should be tailored to this understanding. Reducing racial/ethnic disparities will require multifactorial interventions linking social factors with sexual networks and individual risks.
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