In this chapter we shall enumerate the functions of the dramatis personae in the order dictated by the tale itself. For each function there is given:(1) a brief summary of its essence,(2) an abbreviated definition in one word, and (3) its conventional sign.(The introduction of signs will later permit a schematic comparison of the structure of various tales.) Then follow examples. For the most part, the examples far from exhaust our material. They are given only as samples. They are distributed into certain groups. These groups are in relation to the definition asspecies to genus. The basic task is the extraction of genera. An examination of species cannot be included in the problems of general morphology. Species can be further subdivided into varieties, and here we have the beginning of systemization. The arrangement given below does not pursue such goals. The citation of examples should only illustrate and show the presence of the function as a certain generic unit. As was already mentioned, all functions fit into one consecutive story. The series of functions given below represents the morphological foundation of fairy tales in general. 1 A tale usually begins with some sort of initial situation. The members of a family are enumerated, or the future hero (eg, a soldier) is simply introduced by mention of his name or indication of his status. Although this situation is not a function, it nevertheless is an important morphological element. The species of tale beginnings can be examined only at the end of the