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  • The Translation of Antiquity: Virgil, Pliny, and the Landscape Garden
  • Douglas D.C. Chambers (bio)
Douglas D.C. Chambers

Associate Professor of English, University of Toronto

Notes

1. Pastoral and Ideology Virgil to Valéry (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1988), 163.

2. Houghton Library, Harvard University, ms Eng. 218.2 (1) fos 13–14.

3. Les Plans et les descriptions de deux des plus belles maisons de campagne de Plinie le consul (London 1707), 11, 8.

4. Villas of the Ancients, 89, 117.

5. Views of the Imperial Summer Residence at Jehol, Manchuria, 1713. Two of the sets, one at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris and the other at the Canadian Centre for Architecture in Montreal, have further explanations of the significance or use of the respective sites. The elaboration here is drawn from the latter set (dr 1981:072:013).

6. The Letters of Pliny the Younger (London: Paul Vaillant 1751), I, 351.

7. The Letters of Pliny, I, 161. Writing to her husband in 1744, Lady Orrery praised Burlington ‘as the restorer of decayed and fallen Arts, as well as a fine Gentleman, and what is more valuable a truly worthy and honest Nobleman.’ Houghton Library ms Eng. 218.26, letter of 12 January 1744.

8. Upon the gardens of Epicurus, or Of Gardening in the Year 1685, Miscellanea Pt 2 (London 1690), 132. A letter from Chufon in China of 22 Nov 1701 describes the agriculture of China as creating fields that ‘somewhat resemble Gardens.’ Transactions of the Royal Society, 23: 280 (July–Aug 1702), 1208.

9. Villas of the Ancients, 117.

10. Houghton ms Eng. 218.2 (3), pp 58, 355. Throughout the Orrery correspondence there is frequent reference to farming, both at Marston and Caledon.

11. The First Ode of the First Book of Horace Imitated, 13. Anthony Low notes how Boyle's friend Pope uses georgic for similar purposes of private withdrawal in his ‘Ode on Solitude.’ The Georgic Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1985), 274.

12. Georgica … P. Rami illustrata (Paris 1584), 204.

13. Houghton ms Eng.218.2(5), letter to the Rev. Mr. F, 24 June 1747.

14. The Countess of Cork and Orrery [E.C. Boyle], The Orrery Papers (London: Duckworth 1903), I, 209.

15. Houghton, ms Eng. 218.2 (3), p 249.

16. Houghton, ms Eng. 218.2 (1) fo 22.

17. Houghton ms Eng. 218.2 (2), fo 45, letter to Salkeld.

18. Orrery Papers, II, 56.

19. A letter to Baron Wainwright, 13 Oct 1739, in The Orrery Papers, I, 268.

20. The Letters of Pliny (London: Paul Vaillant 1751), 1, 174. The theme of retirement had been much canvassed in the seventeenth century as well. See Public and Private Life in the Seventeenth Century: The Mackenzie-Evelyn Debate, ed Brian Vickers (New York: Scholars Facsimiles and Reprints 1986).

21. Houghton, Autograph File, letter to John Duncombe, 19 June 1756.

22. Houghton ms Eng. 218.26, letter of 6 Feb 1744.

23. Letters of Pliny, I, 174.

24. Orrery Papers, II, 115.

25. Orrery Papers, I, 224.

26. It is equally likely to have been the ampitheatre and woodland graveenclosure made by Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen at his garden in Cleves in 1663. See Hans Peter Hilger, ‘Das Grabmonument des Fürsten Johann Moritz in Bergendael bei Kleve,’ Soweit Der Erdkreis Reicht: Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen 1604–1679 (Kleve: Städtisaches Museum Haus Koekkoek 1979), 205–12.

27. Letters of Pliny, I, 175.

28. The Georgics, III, 10–11, translated into English verse with introduction and notes by L.P. Wilkinson (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books 1982), 99.

29. Alfred: A Masque (London 1751), sig [A], Boyle's copy with his original prologue on the flyleaf is in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge.

30. Anthony Low's account of the Georgic tradition in the seventeenth century also indicates the important role played by Milton (especially in Paradise Regained) in accommodating georgic ideals to English poetry. See The Georgic Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1985), ch 7.

31. The English Georgic (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1969), 88. I am generally indebted here to Chalker's account of Georgic poetry. With reference to what follows, see also...

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