Adrian of Utrecht and the University of Louvain: Theology and the Discussion of Moral Problems in the Late Fifteenth Century—RETRACTED

RETRACTION Adrian of Utrecht and the University of Louvain: Theology and the Discussion of Moral Problems in the Late Fifteenth Century— RETRACTION BY M. W. F. STONE We, the Editors of Traditio: Studies in Ancient and Medieval History, Religion and Thought, and our publisher Cambridge University Press have retracted the following article: Stone, M. W. F., “Adrian of Utrecht and the University of Louvain: Theology and the Discussion of Moral Problems in the Late Fifteenth Century,” Traditio 61 (2006): 247–267. We have learned that a large portion of this article is, in fact, an uncredited translation into English of portions of Rudolf Branko Hein, “Gewissen” bei Adrian von Utrecht (Hadrian VI.), Erasmus von Rotterdam und Thomas More: Ein Beitrag zur systematischen Analyse des Gewissensbegriffs in der katholischen nordeuropäischen Renaissance, Studien der Moraltheologie, Band 10 (Münster: LiT Verlag, 1999), pp. 175–203. As a result, we have decided to retract the article from publication, since our readers otherwise have no way of knowing that substantial parts of the article, which are presented as though they were the result of M. W. F. Stone’s research, were in fact appropriated and merely translated without proper attribution from the original work by Rudolf Branko Hein. The retracted article will remain online, but each page will be digitally watermarked as “Retracted.” REFERENCE 1. Stone, M. W. F., “RETRACTED—Adrian of Utrecht and the University of Louvain: Theology and the Discussion of Moral Problems in the Late Fifteenth Century” Traditio 61 (2006): 247–287. Traditio 77 (2022), 465–465© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fordham University doi:10.1017/tdo.2021.14 ADRIAN OF UTRECHT AND THE UNIVERSITY OF LOUVAIN: THEOLOGY AND THE DISCUSSION OF MORAL PROBLEMS IN THE LATE FIFTEENTH CENTURY Bv M. W. F. STONE Proh dolor quantum referí in quae témpora vel optimi cuiusque virtus incidat.1 Even though his place in posterity is secured by the incidental detail that he was the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II, and his twilight years and brief papacy have been the object of extensive scrutiny, it is somewhat surprising that the largest portions of the vita et opera of Hadrian VI, "Adriaan Florensz," "Adrianus Florentii," or "Adrian of Utrecht" (14591523 ) have been only occasional areas of scholarly interest.2 A neglected 1 Motto on the tomb of Hadrian VI in the church of Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rome. This paper is dedicated to Dr. Richard Cross, who many moons ago, in an act of typical generosity, presented the author with a copy of Adrian's Quaestiones quotlibeticae XII. I am also grateful to Jan Roegiers, Charles Lohr, and Guy Guldentops for their helpful comments . 2 Early examples of a tendency to focus exclusively on Adrian's last years can be found in his modern biographies by Johann F. Gaum, Leo X. und Adrian VL: Eine Unterredung über das Wiederaufleben der Rechte und Befugnisse der hohen Rómischkatholischen Geistlichkeil , und die Schicksaale der Päpstlichen Nuntiaturen in Deutschland (Ulm, 1787); A. DeIvigne , Le pape Adrien VI: Sa vie et ses écrits (Brussels, 1862); M. (Le Chanoine) Ciaessens, Le pape Adrien VI: Notice Biographique (Louvain, 1865); J. Wensing, Het leven van Adriaan VI (Utrecht, 1870); Heinrich Bauer, Hadrian VI.: Ein Lebensbild aus dem Zeitalter der Reformation, Heidelberg, 1876; and Constantin von Höfler, Papst Adrian VI. 1522-1523 (Vienna, 1880); see esp. book 5, 392-558, which provided the basis for Ludwig von Pastor's later account in Geschichte der Päpste seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters, Bd. 4-2 (Adrian VI. und Klemens VIL), 13th edition (Freiburg and Rome, 1956). Höfler's extensive narrative provides a detailed survey of almost every day of Adrian's short pontificate, his main interest being in Adrian's europolitical role in the period between 1515 and 1522, where the internal violence occasioned by the Reformation, and external uncertainty from the Turkish threat, were the two main factors in his life. This tendency can be said to be consonant with the approach of older chronicles such as that by G. Moringus, Vita Hadriani Sexii pontificis maximi (Louvain, 1536), included in the collection of documents and...