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approaches have been given adequate opportunity to describe their techniques. Sonication, salt extraction, enzymatic methods, and the use of detergents are discussed and compared. Methods for characterizing the biological properties of native and solubilized antigen are discussed in the several chapters. Techniques for evaluating immunogenicity, for measuring effects on mixed leukocyte reactivity, graft survival, and delayed-type hypersensitivity, and for following the reactivity of antigen with antibody are described. The final section, "Horizons in Antigen Research," includes chapters by the editors on "Perspectives on the Role of HL-A Antigens and the Molecular Nature of HL-A Antigens." The final chapter, by G. J. V. Nossal, is entitled "Prospectus: Future Adventures in Transplantation Antigen Research." This book is a compendium ofuseful recent information. It provides considerable detail without being ponderous. Although written by several authors, it is quite readable. Frank Fitch Department of Pathology University of Chicago Exploring New Ethicsfor Survival: The Voyage ofthe Spaceship "Beagle." By Garrett Hardin. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1973. Pp. 273. $1.45. Professor Garrett Hardin has done some of the most provocative lecturing and writing on the relationship between population and the limited resources of the earth. This book may be his best to date. His examination of the threats to man's future and possible alternatives to disaster is witty and scary. He combines examination of the problems of ecology with a science fiction tale of the voyage of an enormous spaceship in search of another inhabitable planet. Human foibles come to dominate life in this planned society as they have on the spaceship Earth. Hardin's ideas deserve to be a part of the debate on man's sins against nature and the future, whether or not the reader agrees with all that he says. DwightJ. Ingle University of Chicago Who Should Have Children? An Environmental and Genetic Approach. By DwightJ. Ingle. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1973. Pp. 141. $6.95 (cloth); $1.95 (paper). Dr. Dwight J. Ingle is professor (now emeritus) of physiology at the University of Chicago, a position to which he came with a fine background of research in basic science and of practical work in the pharmaceutical industry. Few practicing physicians nowadays take time to think about problems apart from their practice. Few investigators in the basic sciences take time to think, but Dwight Ingle is a thinker. He thinks clearly and all the time objectively and scientifically. This extraordinary habit has involved him in many controversies, particularly with so290 J Book Reviews called scientists who think emotionally. He has argued frequently for unfavorable points of view and has incurred wrath and even name-calling from some of those who differ with him. He has even become involved in that old controversy of whether heredity or environment is more important in the growth of a human being. As he states flatly in his preface, Ingle believes that some of our social problems having to do with health, education, and job success have biological as well as environmental causes. He believes that selective population control would have a favorable effect, and he says so bluntly: "millions of people are unqualified for parenthood and should remain childless." Unfortunately Ingle cannot answer what the vernacular has come to call the $64 question, namely, how would you get people not qualified to refrain from having children? He proposes voluntary restraints through education. The next question is: "Suppose that voluntary control of population growth doesn't work. Would you then advocate government control over reproduction?" His answer is: "Having to make this choice would be like having to choose between having cancer or leprosy. I would probably cop out of making the choice and look for a hiding place." Briefly and succinctly he traces die facts and fallacies related to biology and reproduction and defines basic knowledge of heredity and environment. Confronted by the highly complex problems that he presents, Ingle has recourse to the well-established fact that there is so much more tiiat we do not know than we actually do know that positive action at present is limited. Nevertheless, genetic counseling has become a profession that is able to do much toward informing people of what may be involved in...

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