Studies in descriptive German grammarEd. by J. Alan Pfeffer (review)

BOOK NOTICES 217 replacement' by proponents of the dialects, and Dialektaufbau 'dialect upgrading' by friends of the standard language. Among the 21 papers read at the Bavarian dialectologists' meeting in Vienna, many reflect this modern shift. The occasion for the meeting was an anniversary ofthe Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Osterreich , whose fascicles have been appearing for 20 years under the sponsorship of the Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. A fuU account of the program and papers of this meeting, chaired by P. Wiesinger, has been published by Herbert Tatzreiter (ZDL 3.361-8, 1984). Modern UpperGerman triglossia and its shifting is involved in A. Klepsch's paper (63-70) about the East Franconian speech of Nürnberg; he finds the pure dialect to be represented only in fiction—which is also discussed, in its role in German schools, by Regensburg's Gerhard Koss (203-17). Thedialectbarrierinelementaryschool teaching is the topic of Rudolf Muhr's paper (219-34): if 'Die Diskriminierung des Dialekts soU vermieden werden' (226) is one of the policies, it is indeed hard to teach a standard. H. H. Munske's paper (171-9) contrasts Bavarian 'Abschiedsformeln' from the point of view of sociological triglossia. E. Seidelmann (95-108) discusses aspect ('Aktionsart') in dialect and standard, while G. Lipold (71-9) treats adjective inflection. H.-W. Eroms (12335 ) deals with periphrastic run-constructions in the dialect and elsewhere. The shift itself seems to be one of the main topics of H. Scheuringer (49-62), who discusses the old Kranzmayer dichotomy of 'Lautwandel' and 'Lautersatz'; this does not fit the modern Viennese gradual monophthongization of the diphthongs in weiß and Haus. Scheuringer recognizes it to be a shift of the monophthongs of the 'blue collar' dialect to the Umgangssprache of the Vienna middleclass . Many years ago, describing an American sound shift of the same phonological type, I used the term Entlehnungslautwandel 'loan sound shift' (Anglia 51.88 ff.) The Bavarian dialect alone is involved in the papers by H. Scheutz (13-33) and G. Pauritsch (35-48). Scheutz appUes instrumental phonetics to the familiar problem of Bavarian syUable structure, where VCC equals VVC (if we write geminates to express duration and intensity ). This Bavarian pronunciation is already attested in the grammars of Heinrich Braun (1732-1792; cf. Sprachwissenschaft 7.120-48, 1982); it has been the topic ofstudies by R. Bannen and R. HinderUng (32). Interesting is Pauritsch 's observation that some of her Styrian rural informants used apical and uvular r side by side (43). Some papers provide new data—e.g., F. Patocka on salt-mining terms (161-70); M. HorvAth , somewhat anecdotaUy, on German loans in Hungarian (151-60); and Z. Masarîk on Bavarian features in the Early New High German chancery language ofMoravia (181-90). S. GArDONYi discusses the Bavarian influence in 14th century German sources from Schemnitz and Kremnitz in the Slovakian part of Hungary (191-201). J. Valiska (235-47) wants to correct some interpretations of German dialects of the Zips in Slovakia in Ernst Schwarz's Sudetendeutsche Sprachräume (Munich, 1935, 1962). Of particular interest is Kurt Rein's account (249-66) of the amazing language stratification (253) within the Carinthian/Tyrolean subdialect of Bavarian as spoken by the Hutterites in a communal settlement near Yankton, South Dakota , which Rein revisited in 1981. His article caUs attention to the fact that many German minority dialects in the US stiU remain undescribed , unpubUshed, andoftenevenunrecorded before their disappearance—e.g. John Gumperz ' description of the Swabian dialect spoken in Washtenaw County, near Ann Arbor, Michigan. There are no indices, but a useful bibUography is appended after each paper. [Herbert Penzl, Berkeley.] Studies in descriptive German grammar . Ed. by J. Alan Pfeffer. (Studies in descriptive linguistics, 12.) Heidelberg: Groos, 1984. Pp. 162. Most of the eight articles in this coUection— aU in English, but with half-page summaries in both German and French—are based on a large corpus ofprimary material, and offer the results of original research. The articles generaUy describe syntactic and morphological phenomena in contemporary German which conventional textbooks and grammars do not adequately or accurately portray. WhUe the book may interest Unguists who have a specific interest in certain...