Project MUSE®: The Journal of Developing Areas - Latest Articles
https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258
Project MUSE®: Latest articles in The Journal of Developing Areas.daily12024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00text/htmlen-USVol. 37 (2003) through current issueLatest Articles: The Journal of Developing AreasTWOProject MUSE®The Journal of Developing Areas1548-22780022-037XLatest articles in The Journal of Developing Areas. Feed provided by Project MUSE®Smallholder's Market Participation, Characteristics, Tractor Use Implication and Determinants in Nigeria
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908644
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Smallholder agricultural transformation' entails a shift from traditional farming systems to modern and technologically dynamic agriculture that promotes welfare gain, high productivity, product diversification, value addition, and interaction with other industries (ACET 2017; Senthil and Yasodha 2016). The smallholders' transformation is also evidenced in their active market participation, including export market participation. Achieving the smallholders' transformation requires the smallholders' access to and use of improved labor such as the tractor while accessing other productive inputs such as water, fertilizer, and seed (Bishop-Sambrook, 2005).In recent years, Nigeria's federal and state governments have
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallSmallholder's Market Participation, Characteristics, Tractor Use Implication and Determinants in Nigeria2023-10-06text/htmlen-USSmallholder's Market Participation, Characteristics, Tractor Use Implication and Determinants in Nigeria2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1415722024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Wavelet-Based Analysis of the Comovement Between Exchange Rate and Stock Returns in Sacu Countries
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908645
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Following widespread changes in the international exchange rate system and the increased globalization of capital markets experienced over the last quarter of the century, equity and currency markets have become important institutions in the financial system and are key to ensuring financial stability. For instance, the last two major financial meltdowns have been attributed to currency crisis (i.e. the Thai Bhat crash of 1997 which led to the Asian financial crisis of 1998-2000), or to the asset markets (i.e. U.S. housing market crash of 2007 which led to the global financial crisis of 2008-2009). Moreover, equity and currency markets were amongst the first economic institutions to react to the adverse effects of
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallWavelet-Based Analysis of the Comovement Between Exchange Rate and Stock Returns in Sacu Countries2023-10-06text/htmlen-USWavelet-Based Analysis of the Comovement Between Exchange Rate and Stock Returns in Sacu Countries2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®988022024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Public Spending, Governance, and Mortality Probability in the Indian Subnational: A Two-Level Random Intercept Analysis
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908646
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Spending on health, particularly in the form of public spending, is integral to the economic growth story of a country as it provides some form of social protection and incentivizes/endorses access to better health care, particularly among the people at the lower end of the income distribution (Noy and Sprague-Jones 2016). There has been enormous advocacy towards investing significantly in the health systems across the countries to improve the overall health status, particularly the maternal and child health outcomes, given that health reflects one of the critical aspects of human capital having implications for economic growth and other development goals (Bhargava et al. 2001; Strittmatter and Sunde 2013).
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallPublic Spending, Governance, and Mortality Probability in the Indian Subnational: A Two-Level Random Intercept Analysis2023-10-06text/htmlen-USPublic Spending, Governance, and Mortality Probability in the Indian Subnational: A Two-Level Random Intercept Analysis2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1067002024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06How Effective is Military Expenditure in the Terrorism and Tourism Nexus? Insights from Africa
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908647
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Two research objectives set the path for this study. The first objective is to explore the nexus between terrorism and tourism in Africa, and the second objective is to explore how effective military expenditure is in offsetting the effect of terrorism on tourism in Africa. Regarding the first research objective, there is mounting evidence that terrorism distorts economic activities (Lee 2014; Ali et al. 2017; Cinar 2017). An act of terrorism can create pessimistic behaviors which can linger even after such terror attacks. In fact, many nations in the global north often alert citizens of potential terror attacks in Africa, which often have long term consequence and reduces the number of visiting tourists. A close
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallHow Effective is Military Expenditure in the Terrorism and Tourism Nexus? Insights from Africa2023-10-06text/htmlen-USHow Effective is Military Expenditure in the Terrorism and Tourism Nexus? Insights from Africa2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®847272024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06The Determinants of Foreign-Direct-Investment (FDI) Inflows in Nigeria
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908648
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Over the past three decades, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been subjected to considerable scrutiny in terms of its potential benefits (e.g., on employment, knowledge and technological spillovers) and impact on the economic growth of host countries. Empirically, many studies (e.g., Chakrabarti, 2001; Zangina, & Hassan, 2022) have investigated key determinants of FDI. Many theories have also been proposed (e.g., Dunning's OLI theory, 1976) and tested. However, no single theory has been able to explain FDI for all types of industries and countries. This deficiency has been attributed to several factors, such as changes in the economic fundamentals of many developing countries, financial market development
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallThe Determinants of Foreign-Direct-Investment (FDI) Inflows in Nigeria2023-10-06text/htmlen-USThe Determinants of Foreign-Direct-Investment (FDI) Inflows in Nigeria2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®873992024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Analysis of Non-Oil Exports – Economic Growth Relationship in Nigeria: The Role of Institutional Qualities
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908649
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It is only commonplace knowledge that before the discovery and development of the oil economy in Nigeria, agriculture was the primary economic activity of approximately 70% of the country's rural population. However, the structure of the Nigerian economy changed drastically during the 1973–74 oil boom, with a significant decline in the share of non-oil exports to the economy. This has been attributed to increased demand and the profitable nature of oil exports, making them more profitable than proceeds from non-oil commodity exports. As a result, the Nigerian economy has remained centered on the petroleum sector, with little attention paid to the country's other sectors.However, while oil export proceeds typically
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallAnalysis of Non-Oil Exports – Economic Growth Relationship in Nigeria: The Role of Institutional Qualities2023-10-06text/htmlen-USAnalysis of Non-Oil Exports – Economic Growth Relationship in Nigeria: The Role of Institutional Qualities2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®916112024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Earnings Announcement and Stock Prices of Quoted Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908650
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An earnings announcement is information released by a firm about its past financial performance which is usually available in the national dailies and the firm's website. It is a statutory obligation for firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) especially banks as stipulated in the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 27(1) to provide this information to stakeholders and the general public. Earnings announcement provides critical information to shareholders about the company's performance and is used in forecasting future performance and valuations of equity (Mlonzi, Kruger & Nthoesane, 2011). Barker and Imam (2008) also pointed out that, the essential part of revealed earnings is to give
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallEarnings Announcement and Stock Prices of Quoted Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic2023-10-06text/htmlen-USEarnings Announcement and Stock Prices of Quoted Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1294882024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Trade Implications on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIS) Due to COVID-19 Pandemic and India China Altercation
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908651
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The trade orientation and economic growth of the two Asian economic giants, namely China and India, have received close attention from researchers over the last two decades. The India-China trade dates back to the period of the 'silk route', which facilitated bilateral trade and spread of cultural relations from India to East Asia. The geopolitical relations between the two nations have been characterized by frequent border skirmishes like the Indo-China war of 1962, the 1987 Sino-Indian dispute, and the recent escalations at the Galwan and Doklam regions. It is intriguing that India-China registered a record-high bilateral trade of 125 billion US dollars in 2021 amid the geopolitical and diplomatic standoff.
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallTrade Implications on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIS) Due to COVID-19 Pandemic and India China Altercation2023-10-06text/htmlen-USTrade Implications on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIS) Due to COVID-19 Pandemic and India China Altercation2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®949872024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Patterns and Determinants of Households' Energy Choices for Cooking as Well as Their Implications for Poverty Eradication in Nigeria
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908652
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Nigeria is blessed with abundance of resources - both material and human. Thus, the residents of the country ought to be experiencing high quality of life and be using only modern energy sources that are environmentally-friendly. Unfortunately, most Nigerian households use traditional energy sources that are environmentally harmful. A nationally-representative household survey- the 2010 Harmonized Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) - shows that an overwhelming proportion (over 70%) of households in Nigeria use firewood for cooking while only 1% and less than 0.5% use gas and electricity respectively (National Bureau of Statistics, 2010). Some recent estimates of the World Health Organization indicate that, in 2019
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallPatterns and Determinants of Households' Energy Choices for Cooking as Well as Their Implications for Poverty Eradication in Nigeria2023-10-06text/htmlen-USPatterns and Determinants of Households' Energy Choices for Cooking as Well as Their Implications for Poverty Eradication in Nigeria2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1455332024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Tobacco Prevalence and Economic Growth: Evidence from Low and Lower-Middle-Income Countries
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908653
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Tobacco smoking has been identified as the single most preventable cause of both morbidity and premature deaths worldwide. In 2019, tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing) alone accounted for 15.4% (8.71 million) of all deaths globally (GBD 2019). The WHO suggests that more than 80% of tobacco-related deaths will occur in low-and middle-income countries by 2030 (WHO 2008). In addition to smoking-related morbidity and mortality, tobacco smoking incurs a significant economic burden to the affected individuals, employers, and society in direct healthcare costs and indirect costs resulting from productivity losses. The global economic cost of smoking (from health expenditures and productivity losses together) in
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallTobacco Prevalence and Economic Growth: Evidence from Low and Lower-Middle-Income Countries2023-10-06text/htmlen-USTobacco Prevalence and Economic Growth: Evidence from Low and Lower-Middle-Income Countries2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®992862024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Some Recent Trends and Implications of Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908654
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The flow of direct investment equity into an economy is known as foreign direct investment (FDI). The total of equity capital, reinvested earnings, and other capital makes up this amount. FDI plays one of the most significant roles in country's economy. Shourave and Jahan (2020) argued that FDI is a process of investing from one country to another for the purpose of business. FDI distinguishes itself from other types of overseas investment because it incorporates a portion of control over management policies and decisions. According to UNCTAD 2014) FDIis a long-term investment that indicates a resident's permanent interest and control power in one economy by the overseas investor or parent firm within an enterprise
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallSome Recent Trends and Implications of Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh2023-10-06text/htmlen-USSome Recent Trends and Implications of Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1080462024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06The Effect of R&D on Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908655
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Research and development (R&D) is very vital for long run economic growth (Pradhan et al., 2020; Tung and Hoang, 2022; Celli et al., 2021; Kacprzyk and Swieczewska, 2019; OECD, 2015; Inekwe, 2015; Goel and Ram, 1994; Grossman and Helpman, 1990; Romer, 1986). It routinely adds value to economic growth by mounting the resource base and permitting more efficient use of available resources (Aghion and Howitt, 1996; Grossman and Helpman, 1991). We observe that economies spending more in R&D are mounting faster and attain higher levels of sustainable development than those that spend less in this segment (Pegkas et al., 2019).Empirically, the influence of R&D on economic growth has been a theme of various earlier works
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallThe Effect of R&D on Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data2023-10-06text/htmlen-USThe Effect of R&D on Economic Growth: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®628672024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Monetary Policy Shocks and Unemployment in Emerging Market Economies in Africa
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908656
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Some economies of the world have recently been characterized by a transition from traditional economies, which heavily relied on agriculture and export of raw materials, to a more industrialized economy, with brisk economic growth that is higher than those currently experienced by the developed economies. This is due to their expanding market potentials and an ever-expanding middle-class population. These characteristics and others have made these countries to be known as emerging countries or economies. With these market potentials, it is natural for policy makers in these economies, as it is in most economies of the world to pursue the major economic policy objectives, which are full employment, price stability
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallMonetary Policy Shocks and Unemployment in Emerging Market Economies in Africa2023-10-06text/htmlen-USMonetary Policy Shocks and Unemployment in Emerging Market Economies in Africa2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®638522024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06The Influence of Innovativeness on the Financial and Non-Financial Performance of Retail Smes in Tshwane Metropole
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908657
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In South Africa, a developing country, SMEs have significant involvement in the economy, as they are responsible for between 91% to 98% of all formal business institutions in the country, contributing between 36% and 66% of the country's GDP and supplying roughly 60% of employment in South Africa (Moliwa, Olawale & Olabanji, 2016; Small Enterprise Development Agency, 2019; Small Business Institute, 2019). Okoumba, Nafini & Bhadury (2020) append the role of SMEs in South Africa when they suggest that in South Africa, SMEs stimulate economic growth and competitiveness.Similarly, the wholesale and retail sectors are also integral to South Africa's economy. About 34.2% of the SMEs in Gauteng province are in the retail
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallThe Influence of Innovativeness on the Financial and Non-Financial Performance of Retail Smes in Tshwane Metropole2023-10-06text/htmlen-USThe Influence of Innovativeness on the Financial and Non-Financial Performance of Retail Smes in Tshwane Metropole2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®706522024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Who are the Poor Farm households' in Nigeria and is this Population Changing Over Time?
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908658
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With no regards to specific details or exceptions, poverty means inability to fulfill certain basic needs and income/expenditure is merely the substance to meet these needs. Poor people can be regarded as disadvantaged groups who lack economic command (the purchasing power) to access basic needs of life, of which food is absolutely necessary. Inadequate intake of food calories is one of the most telling features of poverty particularly among households in developing countries.A major challenge in developing economies is poverty reduction. Although, poverty is a global phenomenon, Nigeria has been observed as one of the poorest among the poor countries of the world (UNDP, 2007). Available statistics depict an
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallWho are the Poor Farm households' in Nigeria and is this Population Changing Over Time?2023-10-06text/htmlen-USWho are the Poor Farm households' in Nigeria and is this Population Changing Over Time?2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®753602024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Do Remittances Stimulate Economic Growth In Nepal? Evidence From ARDL Approach
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908659
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Remittance inflow to Nepal has dramatically increased starting since fiscal year 1999/2000 with 10% of GDP and becoming a significant source of foreign exchange reserves. It is evident that remittances to Nepal totaled NPR 875 billion (NRB, 2020) or 23.3 percent of the country's GDP in the fiscal year 2019, which represents a considerable increase over gross export, government development aid, and foreign direct investment. However, according to studies by CBS (2011) and NRB (2016), approximately 3.5 percent of remittances are put to productive uses like capital formation and economic operations, while more than 70 percent are used for Nepal's daily needs.Even though, remittances make up a significant share of
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallDo Remittances Stimulate Economic Growth In Nepal? Evidence From ARDL Approach2023-10-06text/htmlen-USDo Remittances Stimulate Economic Growth In Nepal? Evidence From ARDL Approach2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1365092024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Revisiting the Exchange Rate -Oil Price Nexus in Turbulent Period: What Can We Learn From Nigeria and South Africa During Covid-19?
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908660
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Since the emerging of the theoretical paper pioneered by Krugman (1983) and Golub (1983), the debate on the exchange rate–oil price nexus usually rests on the fact that oil price is quoted in US dollar (USD) and therefore, fluctuations in oil price may affect the exchange rate behaviour of trading nations through the USD (see Salisu and Mobolaji, 2013). However, it might be inaccurate to generalize the dynamic of the nexus for both net oil-exporting and net oil-importing economies particularly when exchange rates in these economies are running under floating regime. In the context of an oil-exporting economy for example, when the USD depreciates, then the oil prices is like to be adjusted upward in order to
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallRevisiting the Exchange Rate -Oil Price Nexus in Turbulent Period: What Can We Learn From Nigeria and South Africa During Covid-19?2023-10-06text/htmlen-USRevisiting the Exchange Rate -Oil Price Nexus in Turbulent Period: What Can We Learn From Nigeria and South Africa During Covid-19?2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®1042002024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06The Interdependence of Financial Markets in Turbulent Periods: A Comparative Analysis of the China–US Cases
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908661
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The ongoing high market risk and heightened uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have sparked interest in the finance literature (see Elgammal et al., 2021; Aslam et al., 2021; Udeaja & Isah, 2021; Guo et al., 2021; Seven & Ylmaz, 2021; Smales, 2021; Topcua & Gula, 2020; Salisu & Vo, 2020). In essence, there has been a growing hypothesis linking recent widespread declines in financial markets to an increase in confirmed COVID-19 cases (see, for example, Zhang et al., 2020; Topcu & Gulal, 2020; Ramelli & Wagner, 2020; Al-Awadhi et al., 2020). Similar to COVID-19, financial market vulnerabilities or sensitivity to pandemic diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Ebola Virus Sickness
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallThe Interdependence of Financial Markets in Turbulent Periods: A Comparative Analysis of the China–US Cases2023-10-06text/htmlen-USThe Interdependence of Financial Markets in Turbulent Periods: A Comparative Analysis of the China–US Cases2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®956022024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06The Nexus Between Military Spending and Income Inequality in Brics Nations
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908662
<p></p>
Although a sizeable number of empirical studies accept that income inequality has increased; there is no agreement on the amount, the measurement, the main causes and the effect on subsequent growth (Heyns, 2005; Vecerník, 2012). This work attempt to tap into the association between defense expenditure and income inequality in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) using panel data spanning from 1990 to 2017. The interaction between defence expenditure and income inequality is a subject comparatively underexplored in both theoretical and empirical literature due to a lack of data on income distribution. In fact, there are a limited number of studies addressing this relationship global. More
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallThe Nexus Between Military Spending and Income Inequality in Brics Nations2023-10-06text/htmlen-USThe Nexus Between Military Spending and Income Inequality in Brics Nations2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®895192024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Determining the Income Elasticity of Health Expenditure in Sub Sharan
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908663
<p></p>
The literature is replete with studies that have highlighted the pivotal role health expenditure plays in the population health status of people living in sub-Saharan Africa1. This, and coupled with the fact that the discussions on health expenditure and its determinants have dominated major health policies discussions in other regions (e.g., Martin et al 2011; Carreras et al. 2018) motivated the current study. Understanding the determinants of health expenditure can help in the formulation and implementation of health policies. A general consensus in the literature has been that income is a major driver of health expenditure. This view is supported if one compares the level of health spending of high-income
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallDetermining the Income Elasticity of Health Expenditure in Sub Sharan2023-10-06text/htmlen-USDetermining the Income Elasticity of Health Expenditure in Sub Sharan2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®761262024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06Could Import-Substitution be a Sustainable Industrialization Pathway for Less-Developed Countries?
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/908664
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The strive for economic sustainability in world economies, most especially Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) in these times, even so as such efforts relate to in part the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), remain paramount. But then, the pathway(s) and or strategies to follow, embrace and or implement to aid the attainment of the aforementioned offer opportunity for thought contribution. The Pre-Classical, as well as some of the Post-Classical economic theories, duly prescribe the need for increased trade protectionism to improve the domestic economy (or the domestic economy's productivity) (partly following the infant-industry argument). Also, that managed-level of import trading (or commercial
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Project MUSE®https://muse.jhu.edu/2024-03-28T00:00:00-05:00https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/258/image/coversmallCould Import-Substitution be a Sustainable Industrialization Pathway for Less-Developed Countries?2023-10-06text/htmlen-USCould Import-Substitution be a Sustainable Industrialization Pathway for Less-Developed Countries?2023-10-062023TWOProject MUSE®750882024-03-28T00:00:00-05:002023-10-06