"Kill the Buddha": Quietism in Action and Quietism as Action in Zen Buddhist Thought and Practice

A contribution to the sixth installment of the Common Knowledge symposium "Apology for Quietism," this article proposes that, despite endless debates within Zen Buddhism between quietist tendencies ("sitting quietly, doing nothing") and the instruction to act in the world ("go wash the dishes"), Zen has always held a nondualist approach that denies any contradiction between these seemingly distinct ways. Zen has never really seen them as distinct. The article does survey, however, several quietist sources for Zen in early Indian and Daoist thought and practice, and it also surveys the debates between these and more activist tendencies. Raz goes on to show how these became unified in a nondualist approach in the writings and teachings of prominent Chinese and Japanese teachers from the beginning of Zen (Chan) in China down to the twentieth century.