A Hero to His Fighting Men: Nelson A. Miles, 1839-1925 (review)

36oCIVIL WAR HISTORY This collection is refreshing and well written. Readers will not entirely agree with each ofthe authors' conclusions (McClelland, rational?), but they will find it an insightful and worthwhile study of the losing side of war. Lesley J. Gordon University of Akron A Hero to His Fighting Men: Nelson A. Miles, 1839-1925. By Peter R. DeMontravel (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1998. Pp. x, 463, $45.00.) Nelson A. Miles ranked among the most important military figures of late-nineteenth -century America. One of the best of the North's "boy generals" of the Civil War, Miles fought in virtually every major battle on the eastern front. He went on to further fame in the wars against the Indians, playing an important role in the defeat of the Comanches, Cheyennes, Lakotas, Nez Percés, and Apaches. Miles also played a controversial role in 1894 Pullman Strike. And as the last commanding general ofthe army, he led the United States occupation of Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American War. Author of three published biographies, plain-spoken before the press, and correspondent with many of the major military and political leaders of the age, Miles was a colorful and controversial figure whose long life (1839-1925) spanned the development of the United States into a world power. Oddly, with the exception ofnon-scholarly accounts by Virginia Johnson and Newton Tolman during the 1960s, academic biographers ignored Miles until relatively recently. In 1985, however, Brian C. Phanka edited Nelson A. Miles: A Documentary Biography ofHis Military Career. Jerome Green's Yellowstone Command: Colonel NelsonA. Miles and the Great Sioux War, 1876-1877, appeared in 1991, followed by my own Nelson A. Miles and the Twilight ofthe FrontierArmy two years later. Peter R. DeMontravel's A Hero to His Fighting Men: Nelson A. Miles, 18391925 is the most detailed available account ofthis controversial figure. It is also the most favorable. Whereas Miles has traditionally been depicted as an egotistical if talented military figure dominated by his overweening ambitions and belief that he was the victim of repeated conspiracies, DeMontravel argues that such characteristics have been overblown. Miles had good reason to fear the machinations of others, insists DeMontravel, who suggests that previous biographers have overemphasized his subject's faults. Civil War historians will find relatively little new in the two chapters devoted to Miles's activities during the war between the states, although DeMontravel does provide a solid record ofthese years. On a more general level, the narrative biographical detail is superior to the analysis, which is somewhat loosely based around the theme of Miles as "a hero to his fighting men." Unfortunately, this intriguing thesis is not fully developed, and the author's habit of almost invariably siding with Miles in his many disagreements with superiors seems somewhat strained in the face of much evidence to the contrary. book reviews361 Despite these misgivings, DeMontravel's biography is superior to other efforts in two important ways. A Hero to his Fighting Men offers an especially good description of Miles's Puerto Rico campaign, a model of efficiency often overlooked amidst the army's blunders in Cuba. Further, DeMontravel has done impressive work in mining late-nineteenth-century newspapers, revealing important new contemporary perspectives about his elusive subject. Those interested in General Miles's long career will certainly need to consult this new biography. Robert Wooster Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Joseph E. Johnston and the Defense of Richmond. By Steven H. Newton. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998. Pp. xiv, 278. $29.95.) Published in the Modern War Studies series from the University Press of Kansas , this volume covers Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's operations in Virginia, from approximately September 1861 to the general's wounding at Seven Pines on May 31,1862. Newton hopes to throw fresh light both on Johnston's career and on Confederate command decisions and strategies during this crucial but possibly underrated period. The author is indeed qualified for the work, having published The Battle ofSeven Pines in 1 991. Within his chronological framework, Newton concentrates on mid-February to late May 1862. During this time, the Confederate army held officer elections that could have destroyed...