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BOOK REVIEWS77 (p. 120) A Colorado regiment was recruited to fight Confederate Colonel Henry H. Sibley and another was raised for local duty. "To offset this preparation," Conner explains, "a Rebel regiment was put in course of organization, whose nucleus was located in 'Mace's Hole.' " (p. 133) According to Conner, Colonel John Heffiner organized this unit; oddly enough the editors found no mention of Heffiner in primary sources. Conner does not explain why he joined the regiment. He does provide information about its encampment and about Alexander "Zan" Hicklin, a rancher who deceived Union officers. Federals scattered the rebel regiment and captured some of its members . Finding himself among those hunted, Conner disguised himself as a Mexican worker and later fled. He joined up with Joseph Reddeford Walker; Conner's account of his experience in the Southwest is in Joseph Reddeford Walker and the Arizona Adventure, a work also edited by Berthrong and Davenport. The editors of the volume under review provide an introduction that gives an adequate background of the Colorado gold rush, furnish useful information in footnotes, and include excellent maps and illustrations. Readers interested in rebel activity in the trans-Mississippi West will find some useful information in the last three chapters. G. Thomas Edwards Whitman College General Pope and U.S. Indian Policy. By Richard N. Ellis. (Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press, 1970. Pp. x, 287. $10.00.) Military Posts in the Powder River Country of Wyoming, 1865-1894. By Robert A. Murray. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1968. Pp. xii, 189. $5.50. ) Fori Supply, Indian Territory: Frontier Outpost on the Phins. By Robert C. Carriker. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970. Pp. xv, 241. $7.95.) These three books present different aspects of army activities on the Plains after the Civil War. General Pope and U.S. Indian Policy by Richard Ellis is a skillful delineation of the general's views on Indian policy during his years on the western frontier. Following his ingloriout defeat at Second Bull Run, John Pope was sent west in 1862 and by the time of his retirement in 1886 had successively commanded the Department of the Northwest, the Division of the Missouri, the Department of the Missouri, and the Division of the Pacific. These were years of great concern over the fate of the red man, and Pope spoke out strongly on the issue. He argued repeatedly that for purposes of control the Indians should be divided into two classes: the semi-civilized tribes should be placed on civilian-managed reserves "far in the rear" of the frontier settlements, while the wild tribes should be held near forts 78CIVIL WAR HISTORY under military supervision. His ideas, however, were largely ignored with the inauguration of Grant's civilian-oriented Peace Policy. The extent to which Pope's views were influential is a measure of the value of Ellis' study. Although the author discusses Pope's ideas, most of the book deals with the Indian campaigns within his jurisdictions. Instead of being at the general's elbow at headquarters, the reader is in the field most of the time. There are allusions to Pope's bouts with the Indian Office, but few examples appear. Use of such modern terms as "search and destroy" and "pacification teams" seems out of place. Curiously , the author says little about George Crook's Apache operations within Pope's Pacific Division jurisdiction, but includes several pictures pertinent to these campaigns. Robert A. Murray's Military Posts in the Powder River Country of Wyoming focuses on the construction and history of four short-lived posts in the Powder River region, 1865-1894. Drawing on archaeological evidence, obscure military records, and early reminiscences, Murray discusses in a balanced, precise manner the background, structural history , resources, and operations of Forts Conner (Reno), Phil Keamy, Cantonment Reno (Fort McKinney No. 1), and Fort McKinncy No. 2. The first two were established to protect travel over the emigrant trails to the Montana mines, while the last two were bases for expeditions against hostile Indians on the Central Plains. Interwoven within the narrative is a perceptive commentary on Indian warfare, changing military policy, and various army commanders. Decidedly pro...

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