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less, was able to secure from northern business sources the first significant addition to Emory's endowment. He was an ardent supporter of the "New South* movement, a personal friend of Henry Grady and Governor Alfred H. Colquitt, and upon Grady's death became the recognized spokesman for southern industrialization and the reconciliation of the sections. These actions prepared the way for assumption of the position for which he is now most often remembered—agent for the Slater Fund for Negro education. He accepted this responsibility in 1882, and resigned from Emory in 1887 to give it his full attention. He had come to the notice of Slater not only as a result of his past interest in the colored race and his renown as a speaker in the North, but more especially as the author of Our Brother in Black (1881). After his election as a bishop in 1890, he resigned as agent the next year to devote the remaining part of his life to his denominational duties. (The recent publication of the HaygoodHayes letters in Teach the Freemen probably explains why the author did not give a more detailed account concerning his career with the Fund. ) This book offers, in addition to a biography, a good picture of life in Georgia in the crucial period, 1839-1896. Here are excellent insights into the inner workings of the Methodist Church in the South; of special interest is its effects upon Georgia politics. Through most of the narrative runs the thread of southern reaction to postwar problems; education; and, especially, race relations. All of this is the result of a careful study of available manuscript sources, and is served up with an index, footnotes, and bibliography. The only flaw lies in a topical arrangement but leads to some chronological confusion and difficulty in forming a unified picture of his career at any one time—a task made more rigorous by Haygood 's propensity for holding several dissimilar jobs simultaneously. John S. Ezell University of Oklahoma. Rebel Bishop: The Life and Era of Augustin Verot. By Michael V. Gannon. (Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company, 1964. Pp. xvii, 267. $4.95.) The Catholic Church in Mississippi, 1837-1865. By James J. Pillar. (New Orleans: Hauser Press, 1964. Pp. xviii, 380. $8.00.) Father Gannon's biography of Augustin Verot, the first vicar-apostolic and later the first bishop of Florida, and Father Pillar's account of the early years of the Diocese of Natchez illuminate the missionary problems of the Church in the Deep South. The few native-born Catholics were characteristically French or Spanish, cut off by language and culture from most of the priests and bishops. The trickle of Catholic immigrants from Europe were almost invariably poor in financial resources, and sometimes poor also in their devotion to the Faith. The larger northern dioceses could seldom afford to send many priests or sisters, and the southern bishops 413 414CIVIL WAR HISTORY usually had to rely on untested, unknown volunteers from Europe. But perhaps the greatest problem confronting the bishops was how to develop a viable relationship with the unique aspects of southern culture. Not that they encountered the virulent anti-Catholicism of the Bible Belt of a later era; southern Protestants did not feel threatened by Catholics either theologically or sociologically, and treated priests and bishops at worst with indifference, and frequendy with warm hospitality. What to do about the Negroes and the unsettled political scene constituted more perplexing conundrums. Unquestionably, bishops and priests were concerned with the spiritual well-being of the Negroes, first as slaves and later as freedmen. Before the war, the Church was hampered by the restrictions imposed by law, and enforced by at least some masters, on the religious and moral life of the slaves. "You will remember . . . my speaking to you about a servant girl," a Catholic woman wrote Bishop Elder of Natchez, "whom I had been compelled to separate from her husband to whom she had been married here in the Church—You advised me by all means, either to purchase him, or return her to him—The former was impossible & I have been trying ever since I have been here, to get her back...

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