Race, Politics, and Censorship: D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation in France, 1916-1923

D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) was banned in France in 1916 and 1923. The 1923 suppression resulted from several factors: mass American tourism, the growing community of blacks from French colonies living in Paris, French governmental concerns over national security, French domestic politics, and increasing postwar French hostility to the United States.