A Second Tsunami?: The Ethics of Coming into Communities following Disaster
- A Second Tsunami?The Ethics of Coming into Communities following Disaster
Theresia Citraningtyas is a general practitioner from the One-Stop Crisis Centre, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. She has lectured at the Universitas Indonesia (UI) and currently gives lectures at the Australian National University, where she is undertaking her PhD in Psychological Medicine on people's experiences of strength in disaster.
Elspeth Macdonald is Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University. She has a longstanding interest in engaging with community members as stakeholders in research, and has worked closely with Indigenous communities and marginalised groups.
Helen Herrman is Professor of Psychiatry at Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, and Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for mental health in Melbourne. She is Secretary for Publications for the World Psychiatric Association.
Acknowledgements
Our thanks are due to Amanda Harris for contributing conceptually to this paper through reports of her experiences/observations as a mental health profes-sional working in Sri Lanka both before and after the 2005 tsunami, and to Professor Beverley Raphael for her input and support.
Notes
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3. Iskandar-Dharmawan, L. (2005) Special Keynote Panel: Implications of the tsunami disaster in the Aceh region on Indonesian children and families. Paper presented at the Four Dimensions of Childhood: Brain, Mind, Culture, and Time.
4. Ursano, R., C.S. Fullerton, L. Weisaeth, and B. Raphael (2007) Individual and community responses to disasters, in Textbook of disaster psychiatry, eds. R. Ursano, C.S. Fullerton, L. Weisaeth and B. Raphael, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 3-26, at 4.
5. Norris, F., M. Friedman, P. Watson, C. Byrne, E. Diaz, and K. Kaniasty (2002) 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981-2001, Psychiatry, 65, 207-39; and Norris, F.H., and L.E. Wind (2009) The experience of disaster: Trauma, loss, adversities and community effects, in Mental health and disasters, eds. Y. Neria, S. Galea and F.H. Norris, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 29-44; and Ursano, op cit.
6. Boscarino, J.A., C.R. Figley, R.E. Adams, S. Galea, H. Resnick, and A.R. Fleischman, et al. (2004) Adverse Reactions Associated With Studying Persons Recently Exposed to Mass Urban Disaster, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192(8), 515-24; and Harsono, A. (2005) Media bias in covering the Tsunami in Aceh: 'Indonesian journalists do not understand Aceh stories from the Acehnese perspective'. Available at http://www.nieman.harvard.edu/reportsitem.aspx?id=101057.
7. Harsono, op cit.
8. Lee, A.C.K. (2005) The tsunami and the dangers of goodwill, British Medical Journal, 330, 261.
9. L. Iskandar-Dharmawan, personal communication, 12 February 2005.
10. C.P. Mumpuni, personal communication, 8 August 2007.
11. Wickramage, op cit.
12. Kendra and Wachtendorf, op cit; and Wachtendorf, T., and J.M. Kendra (2004) Considering convergence, coordination and social capital in disasters. Paper presented at the Canadian Risk and Hazards Network 1st Annual Symposium, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
13. Raphael, B., and P. Maguire (2009) Disaster mental health research: Past, present and future, in Mental health and disasters, eds. Y. Neria, S. Galea and F.H. Norris, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 7-28, at 15.
14. Fritz and Mathewson at 3, as cited in Wachtendorf and Kendra (2004).
15. Kendra and Wachtendorf, op cit.
16. Wachtendorf and Kendra, op cit.
17. World Medical Association General Assembly (2008) WMA Declaration of Helsinki — Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Available at http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html...
