CONTENTS List of Figures • vii Preface and Acknowledgments • xi List of Abbreviations • xiii 1. Introduction • 1 2. Geography, Climate, Ancient Authors, and Modern Visitors • 7 3. Pre-Roman Infrastructure in the Eastern Desert • 21 4. Ptolemaic Diplomatic-Military-Commercial Activities • 32 5. Ptolemaic and Early Roman Berenike and Environs • 55 6. Inhabitants of Berenike in Roman Times • 68 7. Water in the Desert and the Ports • 87 8. Nile–Red Sea Roads • 125 9. Other Emporia • 175 10. Merchant Ships • 195 11. Commercial Networks and Trade Costs • 206 12. Trade in Roman Berenike • 221 13. Late Roman Berenike and Its Demise • 259 Notes • 283 Bibliography • 355 Index • 425 Sidebotham, Berenike 11/18/10 10:24 AM Page v Sidebotham, Berenike 11/18/10 10:24 AM Page vi ...