In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

171 TOPIC 48 Only and Emphasis Like any language, not everything in Ciyawo fits into nice categories. This section explores ideas that you will run into sooner rather than later: the idea of only and how to add extra emphasis to individual words. Pe – Only Simply put, -pe is a suffix added to just about any word, be it a verb, a noun, or an adjective, to express the idea of only or just. Some examples from English would be, there are only women here or I only want big tomatoes.  &YBNQMF4FOUFODFT  /HVUFMFLBVHBMJQF  *BNDPPLJOHPOMZVHBMJ  .LXBXVMBLV.BOHPDIJQF :PVBSFHPJOHPOMZUP.BOHPDIJ  "LVDBQBZBLVXBMBQF  4IFJTXBTIJOHPOMZUIFDMPUIFT  5VLVQVNVMBQFQBNCVMJMJ  8FBSFPOMZSFTUJOHJOUIFTIBEF  $JKVOJDJLVMZBQFNCFKV  5IFCJSEJTPOMZKVTUFBUJOHUIFTFFET The suffix -pe, when added does not change the meaning of the words it connects with; it simply expresses the idea of just or only. Thus the suffix -pe can be used in past, present and future tenses. Beware: it can pop up everywhere and usually does. Tu – Emphasis Here is yet another unknown grammatical category for the English language but very handy in Ciyawo. Tu, like -pe, is a suffix added to the end of a word, just about any word, for clarity and emphasis. In English we do this when speaking by tone of voice but also in writing by using bold font. For example read the following two sentences aloud: ‘I only wanted two’ or ‘I only wanted two’. See how we can employ different tone of voice, even within the same sentence, to give emphasis to the word we want? The same is true in Ciyawo but the way to highlight that clarifying or emphatic word is -tu.  &YBNQMF4FOUFODFT  /HVUFMFLBUVVHBMJ  *BNDPPLJOHVHBMJ  .LXBXVMBUVLV.BOHPDIJ :PVBSFHPJOHUP.BOHPDIJ  "LVDBQBUVZBLVXBMB  4IFJTXBTIJOHUIFDMPUIFT  5VLVQVNVMBQBNCVMJMJUV  8FBSFSFTUJOHJOUIFTIBEF  $JKVOJDJLVMZBNCFKVUV  5IFCJSEJTKVTUFBUJOHUIFTFFET TOPIC 48: ONLY AND EMPHASIS ...

Share