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LESSON 26. SWAHILI ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS
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PART ONE 89 LESSON 26 SWAHILI ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS ADVERBS OF TIME juzi, the day before yesterday sasa, now jana, yesterday kila siku, every day kesho, tomorrow sasa hivi, just now keshokutwa, the day after tomorrow siku zote, always usiku, at night bado not yet mchana, in daytime bado kidogo, yet a little while asubuhi, in the morning baadaye, afterwards jioni, in the evening kwanza, at first zamani, formerly mwishowe, in the end zamani sana, a long mwanzoni, in the beginning time ago mapema, early usiku wa manane, in the dead of night ADVERBS OF PLACE chini, on the ground e.g. shuka chini, come down juu, above juu angani, in the air ruka, juu, jump up mbele, in front yuko mbele, he is in front nyuma, behind yuko nyuma, he is behind mbele ya nyumba, in front of the house nyuma ya nyumba, behind the house 90 SWAHILI MADE EASY mbele yangu, in front of me So too with -yako, yake etc. (refer Lesson Twenty) ndani, inside wako ndani, they are inside nje, outside yuko nje, he is outside katikati, in the centre hapa ni katikati, here is the centre/middle karibu, near yuko karibu, he is near mbali, far away wako mbali sana, they are far away hapa, here hapahapa, right here pale, there palepale, on the spot huko, there huku na huko, here and there popote, everywhere/anywhere kokote, everywhere/anywhere ADVERBS OF MANNER bure, in vain, gratis sawasawa, evenly, O.K. hakika, certainly mbalimbali, different (ly) halisi, that’s it pamoja, together hasa, especially moja moja, one by one hata kidogo, not at all zaidi, more ghafla, suddenly tu, only kabisa, indeed hivi, thus kamwe, not, never hivyo, in that way kidogo, a little vilevile, also labda, perhaps pia, also [34.228.7.237] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 03:56 GMT) PART ONE 91 mno, too much lakini, but ovyo, disorderly naam, yes/ok polepole, slowly ndiyo, yes upesi, quickly hapana, no haraka, quickly/fast siyo, no vibaya, badly vingine, otherwise vizuri, well vyovyote, anyhow vigumu, hardly kiume, manly NB Adverbs can also be formed by prefixing kito nouns,thus:kiungwana, “like a gentleman” in the manner of a gentleman”. Useful Expressions Fanya hivi, Do (it) this way. Usifanye hivi, Do not do (it) in this way. Sikusema hivi, I did not say that. Hivyo ndivyo ulivyosema, That is what you said. Fanya vyovyote upendavyo, Do as you please wish. Mambo yako hivyo ulivyosikia, Things as you have heard. Walisemaje ulipowauliza? What did they said when you asked them? Amekwendaje ? How did he go? Popote ulipo, Where ever you may be. Kokote uendako nitakufuata, I will follow you wherever you go. Huku na huko, Here and there. Palepale, On the spot. Hapa hapa, Right here. Tazama alivyo, Look at the way he is. 92 SWAHILI MADE EASY Tazama nguo zilivyo chafu, See how dirty the clothes are. Sikia simba anavyonguruma, Hear how the lion is roaring. Hivi ndivyo mambo yalivyo, That is the way things are. EXERCISE 35 Insert the right affixes in the blank spaces: 1. Watu hawa ndivyo wali... sema. 2. Je, mmefanya ali... waambia? 3. Tazama mikono ya mtoto ili... michafu ! 4. Je, unajua ali... kwenda? 5. Tuli... kuwa watoto tulicheza kila siku. 6. Kitabu kili... potea ni hiki hapa. PREPOSITIONS Some adverbs become prepositions when ya is added to them, e.g. baada ya, from baada; ndani ya, from ndani etc..., without changing the sense. Examples: Prep.: Njoo baada ya kula, Come after eating. Adv. : Njoo baadaye, Come afterwards. Prep. : Ingia ndani ya nyumba, Go inside the house. Adv. : Ingia ndani, Go inside. Prep.: Mbele ya shule, In front of the school. Adv. : Njoo mbele, Come in front. Prep : Nyuma ya shule, Behind the school. Adv. : Rudi nyuma, Go behind. Prep.: Chini ya meza, Under the table. Adv. : Kaa chini, Sit down. [34.228.7.237] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 03:56 GMT) PART ONE 93 Prep. : Nje ya nyumba, Outside the house. Adv. : Usikae nje usiku, Do not stay outside at night. Prep. : Katikati ya mji, In the centre of town. Adv. : Kaa katikati, Sit in the middle. Prep. : Kati ya shule Between the school na shamba, and the farm. Adv. : Weka mpira kati, Put the ball in the centre. Prep. : Kabla ya kula, Before eating. Adv. : Amekula, He has eaten. Prep. : Karibu na, Near to. Adv. : Karibu atakuja, He is about to come. Prep. : Mbali na shule, Far from the school. Adv. : Ameenda mbali...