Strong Soldiers, Failed Revolution: The State and Military in Burma, 1962‒88

Index

344 Index 344 1947 Constitution. See constitutions: 1947 1974 Constitution. See constitutions: 1974 2008 Constitution. See constitutions: 2008 1958 military coup. See coup, military: 1958 1962 military coup. See coup, military: 1962 1988 military coup. See coup, military: 1988 administrative structure, 45 reorganization under Ne Win, 152, 154–7, 159, 167–8 Affairs Committee, 108, 124, 175, 176, 207, 207n39, 209, 210, 271n2 see also Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) AFO. See Anti-Fascist Organization AFPFL. See Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League All Burma Government Workers Union, 52 Anglo-Burmese War First, 30–1 Second, 31, 42 Third, 32, 34, 41, 43 anti-communist propaganda, 63, 73, 76–84 in Current Events (magazine), 242n42 see also Chit Hlaing Anti-Fascist Organization (AFO), 230 predecessor to AFPFL, 48 Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL), 51, 81, 150, 169, 195, 196, 197, 198, 230, 230n25 in elections, 50, 56, 58 leadership, 48, 49–50, 57, 201–2 Chit Hlaing, 65, 70 Clean faction (after 1958 Union Party), 57, 58, 84, 85, 87, 92, 100 origins, 48, 49 split, 9, 57, 60, 84–6 Stable faction (after 1958 AFPFL), 57, 58, 84, 85, 86n48, 89n58, 92, 100 Arakan (Rakhine), 31, 42, 58 Mujahid, 51 see also Rakhine State Arakanese in colonial military, 43 Arakan State. See Rakhine State Aung Gyi (colonel, brigadier general), 70, 77n34, 83n46, 84, 95 1958 coup, 86, 87, 88 1962 coup, 88, 89, 90, 91, 98 letter criticizing Ne Win, 271 leadership of tatmadaw, 63 military reforms, 71–3, 76 purge, 94, 101, 104 INDEX Index 345 Aung Myoe, xxi, 305 Aung San, 243 assassination, 50 and Communists, 64–5 creation of Burmese army, 49–50, 71 founder of tatmadaw, 9 idolization, 241–3 and Japanese, 46, 47, 48 negotiation with British, 48–50, 71 and Thakin Party, 39, 47 Aung San-Atlee Agreement, 50, 53 Aung San Suu Kyi, 273 democracy movement, xix, 212, 293, 312, 316 house arrest, xix, 310, 315 reconciliation with Thein Sein government, 313–5 Aung Shwe, Brigadier General, 85, 89n57 Aye Ko (Major General and General), 261, 264 Aye Thaung, 259, 260 Ba Maw, Dr., 149n16 on Buddhist terminology, 62–3 formation of Freedom Block, 39 and Japanese, 45, 48 and Thakin, 45 Ba Nyein, U, 90, 103, 114, 154, 201 Ba Swe, 89n58 and 1974 Constitution, 172 and AFPFL, 57, 81, 84–6 and Chit Hlaing, 65 defence minister, 243 political ideology, 81–2 Ba Taung, Thakin, 38 Ba Than, Colonel, 83n46 Bahman, 34, 51, 52, 59 in BSPP Central Committee, 127, 184 in colonial military, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46 ethnic conflict, 52, 59 in Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF), 71 in People’s Parliament, 183 among political elites, 171 in Regular Army, 49 in tatmadaw, 71, 127–8, 185, 188n21, 189, 286 see also ethnicity Han Shwe, 209, 211 BCP. See Burma Communist Party BDA. See Burma Defense Army BIA. See Burma Independence Army BMP. See Burma Military Police BNA. See Burma Nationalist Army Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, 32 Border Guard Force (BGF), 295, 311, 313 Britain, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 44, 71, 77, 149 economic liberalism, 35 “White Man’s Burden,” 38 Britain-Burma Defence Agreement, 53 British Indian Empire. See British India British Burma Army, 42 Chief Commissioner, 31, 143 British India Army (BIA), 30, 41 British India, 32, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 59, 143, 145, 159 British Services Mission (BSM), 53 BSM. See British Services Mission BSO. See Bureau of Special Operations BSPP. See Burma Socialist Programme Party Buddhism Buddhists, 186 bureaucratic authoritarianism, 22n46 346 Index in political discourse, 58, 62–3, 81, 83, 286–7 revival, 38 Bureau of Special Operations (BSO), 255, 256, 259, 263n66, 298, 310–1 Burma Civil Service (BCS), 145–7, 157 internal career path, 146, 149–50, 166, 167 example of Se Maung, 147–8 Burma Communist Party (BCP), 51, 57, 69, 70, 76, 147, 201, 228, 230n25, 261n64, 295 and Aung San, 48, 65 criticism of, 79 early formation, 64 expulsion from AFPFL, 50 and tatmadaw, 69, 71, 109 Red Flag faction. See Red Flag Communist Party White flag faction. See White Flag Communist Party Burma Defense Army (BDA), 46, 47–8, 55, 64, 196 see also Burma Nationalist Army (BNA) see also Patriotic Burma Force (PBF) Burma Government Secretariat, 154 Burma Government Secretaries, 154 Burma Independence Army (BIA), 46, 47–8, 55, 64, 71, 195, 285 Burma Infantry, 41, 43 Burma Military...