China and the Shaping of Indonesia, 1949-1965

APPENDIX: Biographical Notes on Major China Observers in Indonesia, 1949–65

Appendix 275 275 APPENDIX Biographical Notes on Major China Observers in Indonesia, 1949–65 A & S: Apa dan Siapa Sejumlah Orang Indonesia, 1985–1986 (Jakarta: Tempo, 1986). ENI: Ensiklopedia Nasional Indonesia (Jakarta: Cipta Adi Pustaka, 1988). EI: Ensiklopedia Indonesia (Jakarta: Ichtiar Bara-Van Hoeve, 1980). Abdulgani, Roeslan (1914–2005). Born in Surabaya, Abdulgani was the secretary-general of the Ministry of Information between 1947 and 1954; secretary-general of the Afro-Asian Conference in 1955 (in which capacity he had extensive contacts with the Chinese delegation headed by Zhou Enlai); minister of foreign affairs, 1956–7; and vice-chairman of the National Council, 1957–9. He visited China with Sukarno in 1956 and was the author of a number of books on Indonesian politics and foreign policy. [O.G. Roeder, Who’s Who in Indonesia (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1971), p. 4; A & S, pp. 3–4] Adjitorop, Jusuf (?–). Elected to the central committee secretariat of the PKI in 1956, he became a candidate member for the politburo two years later and acquired full membership in 1963. He was in Beijing when the 30 September 1965 coup took place and has remained there since then. Adjitorop is the author of Integrasi Kekuasaan Politik dan Sistim Hukum dengan Revolusi di Tiongkok Rakjat (Jajasan Pendidikan dan Kebudajaan Baperki, 1964), a study of the PRC’s political and legal systems based upon his personal observations in China during the early 1960s. [Donald Hindley, The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951–1963 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964), pp. 65–7] 276 Appendix Adinegoro, Djamaluddin (1904–68). Born in West Sumatra, he was educated in Jakarta and studied journalism and geography in Germany and Holland from 1926 to 1930. After returning to Indonesia, he became the editor-in-chief of the Pandji Poestaka and moved to Medan in 1932 to join the daily Pewarta Deli and became the newspaper’s “leading expert on foreign countries”. He was appointed by Sukarno as head of the Indonesian National Committee in Sumatra in 1945 and subsequently worked for the official news agency Antara in Java. Adinegoro co-founded the influential weekly, Mimbar Indonesia, and was the head of Persbiro Indonesia Aneta in the 1950s. He visited China in the 1930s and 1956, and authored more than 25 books, including Tiongkok: Pusaran Asia (Jakarta and Amsterdam, 1951). [I.N. Soebagijo, Adinegoro: Pelopor Jurnalistik Indonesia (Jakarta: Haji Masagung, 1987); Soebagijo, Jagat Wartawan Indonesia (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1981), pp. 438–43] Agung, Ide Anak Agung Gde (1919–99). Born in Bali, he attended law school in Jakarta. He was ambassador to Belgium, Luxembourg and France (1950–5), and minister of foreign affairs (1955–6). Imprisoned for four years (1962–6) for political reasons, he became a senior specialist at the East-West Center in Honolulu between 1967 and 1968, when he wrote Twenty Years Indonesian Foreign Policy, 1945–1965 (1971), which contains an extensive treatise on the Sino-Indonesian relationship during the Sukarno era. [Zainal Rasjid, Riwajat Orang-Orang Politik (Medan: Bakti, 1952), pp. 31–4; Who’s Who in Indonesia, p. 18] Ahmad, Zainal Abidin (1911–?). Born in West Sumatra, he started his career as a journalist working for various magazines and dailies before 1942 and was deputy head of Indonesian Information Services in 1946. After 1947 he was a member of parliament and was appointed third vicespeaker in 1956; Ahmad was also the president of the School of Journalism and Political Science in Jakarta after 1956 and author of numerous books on Islam, politics and education. He visited China in 1956. [The Asia Who’s Who 1958 (Hong Kong: Pan-Asia Newspaper Alliance, 1958), p. 203] Aidit, Dipa Nusantara (1923–65). Born in Medan, he worked in 1946 at the Solo headquarters of the PKI, which he joined in 1943. On the eve of the 1948 Madiun revolt, he was elected to the politburo and following its suppression fled abroad, spending much of 1949 and 1950 in China. After returning from China (“with prestige”), Aidit and a group of young leaders took over control of the PKI from the older leaders, Alimin and Tan Appendix 277 Ling Djie. He became secretary-general of the party in 1953 and its first chairman in 1959. Aidit was killed in the aftermath of the 30 September 1965 coup. He visited China a number of times between 1949 and 1965, and his numerous speeches and pamphlets were translated into English and...