To Nation by Revolution: Indonesia in the 20th Century

Notes

265 Notes Chapter 1 1. The primary sources for this episode are the following Indonesian memoirs: Sidik Kertapati, Sekitar Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, 3rd ed. (Jakarta: Pembaruan, 1964), pp. 94–7; Adam Malik, Riwajat dan Perdjuangan sekitar Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, rev. ed. (Jakarta: Widjaya, 1970), pp. 35–7; Sukarno and Cindy H. Adams, Sukarno, An Autobiography as told to Cindy Adams (Hong Kong: Gunung Agung, 1966), pp. 206–9; Mohammad Hatta, Sekitar Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 (Jakarta: Tintamas, 1970), pp. 33–7. It is described in Anthony Reid, The Indonesian National Revolution 1945–1950 (Hawthorn: Longman, 1974), p. 26, and Benedict Anderson, Java in a Time of Revolution, Occupation and Resistance (Ithaca, NY: Cornell, 1972), pp. 71–3. 2. Nagazumi Akira, The Dawn of Indonesian Nationalism (Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 1972), pp. 27, 32. 3. Figures derived from Statistical Pocketbook of Indonesia, 1941 (Batavia: Central Bureau of Statistics, 1947), p. 142. 4. J.S. Furnivall, Netherlands India (Cambridge: 1939), p. 401. 5. Onghokham, “The Residency of Madiun. Priyayi and Peasant in the Nineteenth Century” (PhD thesis, Yale University, 1976), p. 143. 6. C.J. Hasselman, Algemeen Overzicht van de Uitkomsten van het WelvaartOnderzoek Gehouden op Java en Madoera in 1904–1905 (‘s-Gravenhage: Nijhoff, 1914), p. 115. 7. Dr Soetomo, quoted in Nagazumi, Dawn, p. 24. 8. F. Buchler, “Land Hunger and the Growing Power of Regional Elites in Cirebon Regency, 1903–1930”, Paper presented to Second Asian Studies Association of Australia Conference, Sydney, 1978. 9. D.W. Fryer and J.C. Jackson, Indonesia (London: Ernest Benn, 1977), p. 153. 10. Derived from Furnivall, Netherlands India, p. 348, and Oki Akira “Social Change in the West Sumatran Village” (PhD thesis, Australian National University, 1977), p. 64. 11. Statistical Pocketbook of Indonesia, 1941, p. 96. 12. Richard Robison, Indonesia: The Rise of Capital (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1986); Matsuo Hiroshi, The Development of the Javanese Cotton Industry (Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 1970), pp. 19–40. 13. These words, from the title of the collected letters of Raden Adjeng Kartini, are taken as a theme by Benedict Anderson in his perceptive essay on Dr Soetomo in Perceptions of the Past in Southeast Asia, eds. Anthony Reid and David Marr (Singapore: Heinemann Asia for the ASAA, 1980), pp. 219–48. On this theme, see also Anthony Reid, “‘Heaven’s Will and Man’s Fault’: The Rise of the West as a Southeast Asian Dilemma”, Flinders Asian Studies Lecture 6 (Bedford Park: Flinders University, 1975). 14. R.Ng. Ranggawarsita, Serat Kola Tida, quoted in Anderson, Perceptions, p. 219. 15. Reid, Indonesian National Revolution, pp. 2–3. 16. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, “Onze Nationale Kleeding” (2 July 1914), in Karja K.H. Dewantara (Jogjakarta: Persatuan Taman Siswa, 1967), 2A: 267. 17. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, “Taal en Volk” (1917), in ibid., p. 106. 18. Dr Soetomo, Kenang-kenangan, quoted in Anderson, Perceptions, p. 243. 19. In interview with H.J. Kiewiet de Jonge, 20 October 1932, in Het Onderwijsbeleid in Nederlands-Indie 1900–1940, ed. S.L. van der Wal. Een Bronnenpublikatie (Groningen: J.B. Wolters, 1963), p. 537. 20. The best short survey of the rise of SI is in Bernhard Dahm, History of Indonesia in the Twentieth Century (London: Pall Mall Press, 1971), pp. 38–55. 21. Speech by Abdul Manap, 1920, quoted in Anthony Reid, The Blood of the People: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford, 1979), p. 16. 22. Rasa Doenia (Yogyakarta), 1–8 March 1923. 23. Aliarcham, 1924, quoted in Ruth T. McVey, The Rise of Indonesian Communism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1965), p. 263. 24. Darsono, quoted in ibid., p. 298. 25. G.C. Allen and A.G. Donnithorne, Western Enterprise in Indonesia and Malaya (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1957), p. 288. 26. P.S. Gerbrandy, Indonesia (London: Hutchinson, 1950), p. 27. 27. Heather Sutherland, The Making of a Bureaucratic Elite: The Colonial Transformation of the Javanese Priyayi (Singapore: Heinemann [for the ASAA], 1979), p. 145. 28. Soetan Sjahrir, Out of Exile, trans. Charles Wolf (New York: John Day, 1949), p. 219. 29. Continuity and Change in Southeast Asia: Collected Journal Articles of Harry J. Benda (New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1972), p. 72. On this theme, see also Anthony Reid, “The Japanese Occupation and Rival Indonesian Elites: Northern Sumatra in 1942”, Journal of Asian Studies 35 (1975): 49–61. 266 Notes to pp. 10–23 [3.142.197.198] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 04:45 GMT...