The Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History

Contents

Contents List of illustrations ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction: Chinese Catholic identities in the modern period 1 Part 1 Images of Mary in China before 1842 1. Chinese Christian art during the pre-modern period 15 Katerina Ilioni of Yangzhou 21 Madonna and Guanyin 24 Marian images during the late Ming dynasty 31 The Madonna in Master Cheng’s Ink Garden 37 Marian sodalities 40 João da Rocha and the rosary 42 Part 2 The Chinese Catholic Church since 1842 2. After the treaties 51 French Marian devotions 57 The effects of the Chinese Rites Controversy 60 A sense of cultural superiority 69 The influence of Marian events in Europe 74 3. Our Lady of Donglu 83 Visual influences on the Donglu portrait 89 Photographs of Cixi 95 Liu Bizhen’s painting 100 4. The rise and fall of the French protectorate 111 Benedict XV and Maximum Illud 118 viii Contents Shanghai Plenary Council, 1924 125 Synodal Commission 132 Part 3 Images of Mary in the early twentieth century 5. The Furen art department 143 The creation of the Catholic University of Peking 149 The emergence of Chinese Christian art 152 Celso Costantini and Luke Chen Yuandu 162 6. The Chinese dimension to the Furen Christian art 175 Art as a catechetical tool 184 Marian paintings 189 Sheshan Shengmu 191 Conclusion 195 Notes 201 Bibliography 249 Index 265 ...