Population and Society in Contemporary Tibet

Index

Index Administration system, 60, 73–74, 192, 357, 360 Urban administration, 7–8, 192, 336–338 Rural administration, 192, 357, 360, 366 Age structure, 33–35, 75–77, 120, 249–250, 359 Agricultural production, 141–142, 152, 159– 160, 203–204 Amban, 45–46, 155, 324, 351 Animal husbandry, 142, 159–160 Aristocracy in Tibet, 145–147, 174, 363 “Assistant Programs to TAR”, 63–65, 100 Autonomous areas in China, 72, 162, 342 Bhutan, 20, 45, 161 Cash withdraw from bank, 172–173 China Tibetology Research Center (CTRC), 2, 4 Commune system in rural areas, 27, 157, 198 Consumption, 130–131, 211–217 Core-periphery relations, 10 Internal colonialism, 11–12, 140, 188 Diffusion model, 10–11, 140, 175–176, 181–185 Correlation analysis, 130–131, 178–180, 232– 235, 313–314, 360 Cultural Revolution, 157–158, 286–288, 324 Divorce, 252–252, 267–271, 363 Durable consumer goods, 222–232 Economic system before 1951, 144–148, 152– 154 Economic system after 1951, 161–176 Dependent economy, 176, 178–184 Monastery economy, 146–147, 149–151, 177–178 Education before 1951, 150, 274–282, 363, 364 Si-shu, 274, 276–277, 279, 282–283, 363, 364 Monastic education, 242, 275–279, 280– 282, 315–317, 363 Geshe, 277, 278, 281, 363, 364 Standard of literacy, 365 Bilingual teaching, 313, 317–319 Educational achievement, 83–85, 126–127, 194–196, 232–235, 257–258, 284– 285, 293–300, 308 Preferential admission, 290, 307 Primary education, 276–277, 282–286, 287–292 School enrollment, 116, 126–127, 284–287, 299–300, 321 University/college, 286, 307 Language of instruction, 289, 302–307, 317–319 Rural-urban educational gap, 293–294, 299–300 “Three Guarantees”, 288, 292–293, 304, 364–365 Tibetan school/class in Han regions (Neidi), 66, 289–290, 324–325, 365 388 Index Employment market, 119, 122, 127–128 Environment, 17–18, 93–96 Equality, 163–164, 196–202, 333 Ethnic relations, 133–134, 263, 329–332, 358 Ethnic policy, 20, 22, 49, 50, 300–302, 358 Family formation, 254–256, 257–261 Family Planning Program, 35–38, 358–359, 359 Fei Xiaotong, 4, 357 Fertility in TAR, 86–88 Finance of government, 151–152, 153, 168– 176 Financial deficit, 95, 161–162, 168–174 Financial subsidy of the central government, 95, 169–170 Income and expense of TAR government, 151–154, 168–176 Grain production, 141, 203–205 Grasslands, 141–142, 159–160 Han in Tibetan areas in history, 41, 45–49, 51–53, 262–263 Han in Tibetan areas, 41, 43, 49–61, 62, 68–69, 74–75, 328 Handicraft, 109–110, 142, 210–211 Health care, 96, 332–333, 360 Historical relations between Tibet and China, 3, 18–19 Household responsibility system, 157, 202–203, 205–207, 220, 248 Housing, 9, 132–133, 217–222, 235, 355 Hui in Tibet, 43, 47, 103, 125–126, 156, 194, 366 Import and export, 94–95, 143–144 Income and welfare, 128–132, 162–164, 196– 202 Rural-urban income gap, 163–164, 196– 202, 207–211, 211–213 Rural income, 163, 196–199, 202, 205–211 Urban income, 163, 196–199, 207–210 India, 20, 143–144, 247 Industrial structure of labor force, 62–63, 77–80 Industry, 142, 161–162 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 50, 67, 125, 139, 202, 263, 341, 354–355 Institute of Sociology and Anthropology (ISA) at Peking University, 4 Kashag government, 46–48, 144, 149, 151, 152, 156, 192 Khe (Tibetan measurement), 150, 361 Land ownership, 146–147, 238 Land reform in the 1950s, 27, 156–158, 254– 255, 283 Land resources, 67–68, 93–94, 141–142, 159– 160, 203–203, 360 Language use, 308–311, 312–313 Language policy, 289, 302, 318 Tibetan dialects, 18–19 Putonghua, 289, 296, 300, 302–304, 309– 313, 318–319 Lhasa, 327–328, 358, 361 Lhasa Urban District, 221 Liang (silver), 143, 268, 327–328, 358, 361 Manorial estate system, 146–147 Market economy, 238, 240 Marital status, 125, 249–252 Marriage type, 241, 249–253, 268–269, 362 Monogamy, 242–243, 252–253, 266 Polygyny, 242, 251–253, 266, 362 Polyandry, 242, 246–249, 251–253, 266– 267, 362 Exogamy, 246 Intermarriage, 125, 261–266, 267, 328 Sumo (Wai-shi), 245, 271 Migration, 98, 104, 116–118, 362–363 International migration, 99 Inter-provincial migration, 53–54, 65–69, 100–103 Arranged migration, 63–65 Temporary migration, 68–69, 92–93, 118– 134, 343–345, 366 Place of origin, 105–106, 109, 121 [3.15...