The Last Half Century of Chinese Overseas

15. 從日本華僑敎育的當地化傾向看日本華僑社會的當地化趨勢 (The Indigenization of Overseas Chinese in Japan as Seen from the Indigenization of Their Education)

15 .S*.~~.~~~ft.~~s*.~ tl*~~~ftm~ (The Indigenization of Overseas Chinese in Japan as Seen from the Indigenization of Their Education) *~lt (Zhu Huiling) ABSTRACT Unlike other Chinese communities overseas which have been assimilated gradually into the host nations since the Second World War, the Overseas Chinese communities in Japan still for the most part stay away from the host society, maintaining theif own Chinese schools and traditional volunteer associations. Only recently could the trend of indigenization among the Overseas Chinese in Japan be observed through the change of the Chinese schools. The history of the Overseas Chinese schools in Japan can be traced back to 1897, and the mid-1940s saw the heyday of their development when there were more than ten Chinese schools all over Japan. At present, there are only five Chinese schools in Japan with about 1600 students registered. These Chinese schools are an independent of the Japanese normal education system, and have been managed by the Overseas Chinese with the intention of promoting Chinese culture and language education among their young generation. As a result, those privately established Chinese schools have neither been recognized nor subsidized by the Japanese government. On the other hand, with the revision of me Japanese Nationality Law in 1985, more and more local-born Chinese have chosen to become Japanese citizens, which not only means a change in their political identity, but in turn brought a great change to the Chinese schools. As a matter of fact, [he number of students registered with the Chinese schools decreased sharply over the past decade since the majority of them would rather choose to go to the official japanese schools. Taken tOgether, indigenization is without doubt the only way to go for the Chinese schools in japan if they really want to survive. The fieldwork conducted by the author also demonstrates that most of the Overseas Chinese in japan hope that their schools could be incorporated into the mainstream of the existing education system, changing into bilingual schools recognized by the government. The changes perceived in the Chinese schools herald an irreversible trend of indigenization among the Overseas Chinese communities in Japan. m= ~tl!:W*filHi1 ' Ml'lftl!:Wif!:1i1 . i\l[il!I~ '"~B'JJ!IIi! ' ;t;;J'f'I"f~tt1H't '£T'l'ifl'J!l1l1t - ~Jt!!lt (""Alt) · iiiJ>f",'f/ll"1fifli '1fiAB'J90% EJiI; 1:\IiSl! i!l0le • ;lUl:Ii1i!l!i"I . if!:Ii1lit:fui'IUfJiiil'£l'fB'J!![il!I¥ii!!B'Jlli,(,E fil .i!I••IiS&i!I ' ~. iil.i!l1:\*mB'J.i"IE.!l1l1:\.IiS&i!lB'J.i"I · ,ILl:~., Jt!!ltillJli(lIi It ' B*>'IifMttr1'f>'ill>*B'Jl'i"I 1. J!i! :il: ~III (!i!liE.\!l.l'tl'f~* . iil>'liflii1:\3c~l'tTf.!ltB'J:3'o Bm')1fiflii!!!lll1/>(t~l'ft£ • 2. i!l:ittftZi"I1/>(i:!\fiti!llt ' il(i:!\;te>'i3c""floIII ' '"A i!l::!WlW 1fiA ]") 3c ~B'JUIII C'i;l'iJ>f$1!1I1!' t.'iRIJl'fB*7HIii!l:!l!B'JlilI'lUiillitB*"'fMHt rJ;jll\lB'J)!!f1:J'Iif~l'tl'f . ",fll 'l'1ll""1fiflllHtB'J a~m'" ' t:1'@!itr:;!\Jt!!!i ~>'iftlililll'!lM)!Iii ' ilifJl.fii;r- >'i~fliil±trfl'J;I*Jil:1iB'JmlJilt"lt.!IJ!!f;If!l!' , itElt"lt'l'R'IifMHI1.\"Jt!!!tB'JllI~ • ifll\Ill"flrBll1~ ~ Wi."i 8 '1'!'}iiil'1!i14If1* 1Ii11ol",iliilJ!'" ",zlj! , !Ji!",lllz!l! • Ufi'tllt ' 1948'1'1'£ S1(;;ilil!illtlj!lM'J llC' , ;;!:JldHI!Hif!imJl! ' 'xJ,dNWiiJ"Jf,i; t± I!l1i&IHAI~lt1J ' l'Eli!lit:fJHil ~ITIIIJI: ' fiE11011;;if;AIi".11JJI'I'111 Et~ 138 01l1 nro . +!J!: . flJ rp 'f"A '''A 1988 JI!Ji( 'i'.*111 Etiff 301 IH~ . rp.q! . I~ 9-' 74.9 25.1 199 1 I'tW"'" ' *::lJt rEI* -ffli~*t1A{JJJUK&Jt~JillimHr'~iUg j . .:ItJit ' ( 1Ut.!i1!~A.Jft:~Iil~ )'0 . 1 994~'l!IM!llC""'~:;;::1': Ii *iEiJ.!iII Flll!l ¥ . :Tc::E "':IJ'11ii Ei:t!l!'It . 1'1 iT'i'l'lJI!Wei!m;l;;A.xMIIJI;;1;;A* llC • E*'illff1;1;;~'.i:!'\ 'iHiII1)'llC' • INJt:f£ S *1Hfl!Jf!- IIiiFJiJJ!lEU1.iElJ1.fL",*llC ' ;ll(HH1!b\jEIJ! iliff • INlit ' IIIllC \~Jti'E ~11*HliIf\ 0 *1i1!!l1i roWi~II iiItlEU1 '~lE ~iIit, , ftlJ!!1\ll'1 M,IJnll!/i'li- !il,t Ai B4:iElIIll'llCUiAIl'''flJ: • 2. "'tlii!j...