A additive bilingualism 17, 31, 38, 43, 44, 45, 48, 69, 132 Anglocentric 2 audio-visual 24, 58 B Baker, C. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 30, 44 Beardsmore, H. 16, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 BM (Bahasa Malaysia) 111,112, 113, 116, 122, 128 bridging, bridge 35, 41, 48, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 62, 63, 65, 70, 71, 75, 87, 93, 99, 100, 101, 102, 130, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139 C Canadian French Immersion 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 29, 35, 37, 39 Canagarajah, S. 9, 140 Cantonese 4, 15, 25, 30, 36, 37, 45, 62, 64, 66, 74, 76, 78, 82, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 95, 96, 101, 108, 112, 123, 126, 128 Centre countries 2 Index CMI (Chinese-medium instruction) 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 135 code-mixing 76, 84, 85, 101 code-switching 88, 89, 90, 101, 132, 133 communicative repertoire 109, 124, 125, 126, 140 content-based 136, 137, 139, 140, 141 context-embedded 26, 29 context-reduced 24, 28, 29, 53 core French 13, 16, 20, 66, 67 Cummins, J. 15, 16, 21, 22, 25, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 64, 67, 69, 70, 123 D decision maker/making 79, 124, 135, 139 dropout 41, 42 E EAP (English for academic purposes) 61, 62, 63, 102, 137, 138 EDB (Education Bureau) 78, 81 EMI (English-medium instruction) 24, 160 Bilingual Education: Southeast Asian Perspectives 33, 42, 49, 50, 51, 53, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 87, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 111, 135 English as a foreign language, EFL 3, 4, 67, 139 English as a second language, ESL 3, 4, 52, 53, 57, 61, 67 ETeMS (English for the teaching of math and science) 114 European Schools 13, 15, 17, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 39 F French Immersion Programmes/Model 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 42, 48 FSL (French as a second language) 16, 57, 58, 61 G globalize, globalization 6, 7, 8, 9, 75, 105, 111, 112, 113, 116, 117, 120, 121, 123, 130 H Hegemony 2, 115 Heritage 13, 14, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 116, 117, 120, 123, 128, 132, 133 high-yer/ying 7 Hokkien 7, 8, 105, 106, 108, 109, 123, 128 HSA (historical-structural approach) 119, 140 hybrid / hybridized 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 121 I ICT (information/communication technology) 120, 121 Identity 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 25, 34, 107, 109, 110, 111, 115, 117, 128, 133 Immersion 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 83, 88, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141 inter-class 120 inter-ethnic 12, 120 intergenerational 110 interlingual 115 inter-religious 120 J Johnson, K. 15, 16, 22, 31, 36, 46, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 102, 132 K Kachru, B. 3 L labelling, labelling effect 77, 79, 80, 84, 96, 98, 128, 135, 136, 140, 141 LAC (language across the curriculum) 52, 54, 87, 94 LPP, language policy and planning 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141 LIE (language-in-education) 73, 75, 76, 77, 83, 105, 106, 107, 110, 112, 117, 119, 121 Lin, A. 4, 5, 8, 9, 37, 63, 64, 69, 70, 74, 76, 90, 101, 121, 135, 138, 139 lingua franca 1, 106, 110, 132 linguicism 2 linguistic imperialism 1, 2, 4, 5 Llewellyn Report 88 M Malay 61, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 117, 122, 128, 133 Mandarin 8, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 117 MIGA (medium of instruction grouping [3.93.162.26] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 08:54 GMT) Index 161 assessment) policy 76, 90, 95 mixed code 4, 8 mixed mode 17, 38, 41, 65, 67, 101 Modern Standard Chinese 15, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47, 66, 68, 73, 74, 76, 83, 84, 95, 102, 112, 122, 123, 126, 128 MOI (medium of instruction) 11, 15, 16, 18...