Introduction 1. Ayscough’s father, Thomas Reed Wheelock, was Canadian, and hence a British subject. Ayscough’s first husband was British. After marrying her second husband, the American scholar Harley MacNair, Ayscough declined to change her citizenship. 2. Peter Sanger, White Salt Mountain: Words in Time (Kentville, Nova Scotia: Gaspereau Press, 2005). 3. “Knowledge is pleasure as well as power.” William Hazlitt, ‘On the Pleasure of Painting, cont.’ Table Talk (London: John Warren, 1821) 32. Chapter 1 Shanghailanders 1. This painting may be viewed on the interactive site Virtual Shanghai http://www.virtualshanghai.net/Asset/Preview/dbImage_ID-18669_ No-1.jpeg, accessed 30 March 2012. 2. Sanger 28. 3. I am grateful to Eric Politzer for information on John Andrews Wheelock, correspondence with author 31 March 2012. 4. Advertisement, North China Herald [cited next as NCH] 21 September 1861, p. 150. 5. NCH 21 June 1862, p. 99. Notes 144 6. ‘Obituary, T. R. Wheelock’, NCH 10 January 1920, p. 86. 7. Catherine Mackenzie, ‘Florence Wheelock Ayscough’s Niger Reef Tea House’, The Journal of Canadian Art History 23. 1–2 (2002): 55. 8. See Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, Building Shanghai: The Story of China’s Gateway (Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2006) 66, 251. 9. ‘Bubbling Well Road’, Social Shanghai IV (July–December 1907): 67–72. 10. Florence Ayscough, Firecracker Land: Pictures of the Chinese World for Younger Readers (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1932) 5. Subsequent quotes on childhood from this source. 11. Written several decades after Ayscough’s childhood, and based on personal recollection, Firecracker Land obviously has problems as source material about Shanghai in the 1870s and early 1880s; however, it does present a valuable sensory account (rather than history) of the city in these decades. 12. NCH 6 January 1917, p. 27. 13. C. E. Darwent, Shanghai: A Handbook for Travellers and Residents (Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Ltd., 1920) 168. 14. Florence Ayscough and Amy Lowell, Fir-Flower Tablets: Poems from the Chinese [cited next as FFT] (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1921) 2. 15. FFT 48. 16. Firecracker Land 15–17. 17. Geoffrey Wheelock graduated from Noble and Greenough School, class of 1897. Isa Schaff, School Archivist, correspondence with Lindsay Shen, 28 October 2011. According to his obituary in The Harvard Crimson, Thomas Gordon Wheelock also attended this preparatory school. The Harvard Crimson 21 April 1902. 18. See Marvin Lazerson, ‘Urban Reform and the Schools: Kindergartens in Massachusetts, 1870–1915’, History of Education Quarterly 11.2 (Summer 1971): 115–42; Sharon Hartman Strom, ‘Leadership and Tactics in the American Woman Suffrage Movement: A New Perspective from Massachusetts’, The Journal of American History 62.2 (September 1975): 296–315. Notes to pp. 11–21 [44.221.43.88] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 13:01 GMT) 145 19. Andrew Sackett, ‘Inhaling the Salubrious Air: Health and Development in St. Andrews, N.B. 1880–1910’, Acadiensis XXV.1 (Autumn 1995): 54–81. 20. Excerpts from The Beacon have been compiled by David Sullivan, the Pendlebury Press, and are available online at http://www.seaside. nb.ca/algonquinbook/history/summerpeople/index.html, accessed 22 June 2011. 21. The town’s architecture has recently been surveyed in John Leroux and Thaddeus Holownia, St. Andrews Architecture 1604–1966 (Kentville, Nova Scotia: Gaspereau Press, 2010). 22. NCH 10 January 1920, p. 86. 23. ‘Ready for College Golf’, The New York Times 3 May 1901, p. 7. 24. Obituary, Thomas Gordon Wheelock, The Harvard Crimson. 25. Firecracker Land 23. 26. Isabella Bird, The Yangtze Valley and Beyond (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1899) 46. 27. Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore, China, the Long-Lived Empire (New York: Century, 1900) 292. 28. A memorial stained glass window in the church of St. James the Great, Cradley, dedicated by Florence Ayscough, makes clear Francis Ayscough’s parentage. 29. Carroll Lunt (ed.). The China Who’s Who 1922 (Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Ltd., 1922) 31. 30. Marriage notice, Boston Daily Globe 24 December 1898, p. 6. 31. NCH 21 November 1898, p. 959; Charles N. Davis, A History of the Shanghai Paper Hunt 1863–1930 (Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, Ltd., 1930) 37. 32. ‘The Paper Hunt Races’, Social Shanghai V1 (January–June 1909): 114. 33. NCH 14 February 1898, p. 239. 34. NCH 21 November 1898, p. 959. 35. NCH 17 April 1909, p. 138. 36. Florence Wheelock Ayscough diaries, 1903–7; 1908–11; 1921, Houghton Library, Harvard University, MS Am 2549. Notes to pp. 23–34 146 37. Firecracker Land 26. 38. Photographs exist...