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16 THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING ESTATES (DANCHÐ IN HILLY AREAS IN KOBE,JAPAN Mitsunori Saito Depαrtment ofGeography, University ofKobe, J.αpαn A 企ame ofreference for research in land-use change is sketched in Figure 16.1 which will serve as background. Usually social geography concentrates its attention on the behaviour of persons and households, and, in this context, to the policies of the planning authority. But in order to explain land use and its change in Kobe it is necessary to broaden the scope further to the behaviour of the developer. Here the behaviour ofthe developer is defined as an activity to develop with a certain purpose and principle a particular kind of housing estate (Dαnchi) 的 a certain site and location. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of developers and to explain the distribution pattern and characteristics of the resulting Dαnchi in Kobe. The influence of developers is shown with an arrow from ‘Developers' to ‘Land-Use Change' in Figure 16.1. The other parts of the figure serve to show the main factors and their relations which affect the process. For example, the medium level ofinhabitants' housing demand and the former extensive use of hill lands were decisive for orderly land-use change in the hilly areas in Kobe. However, details of this so吋 are， as a rule, omitted or only sporadically mentioned in this presentation. Conditions Flgure16.1 Socio-geographical frame of reference for research on land-use change. 16 THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING ESTATES (DANCHn IN HILLY AREAS IN KOBE, JAPAN Mitsunori Saito Department ofGeography, University ofKobe, Japan A frame ofreference for research in land-use change is sketched in Figure 16.1 which will serve as background. Usually social geography concentrates its attention on the behaviour of persons and households, and, in this context, to the policies of the planning authority. But in order to explain land use and its change in Kobe it is necessary to broaden the scope further to the behaviour of the developer. Here the behaviour ofthe developer is defined as an activity to develop with a certain purpose and principle a particular kind of housing estate (Danchi) at a certain site and location. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of developers and to explain the distribution pattern and characteristics of the resulting Danchi in Kobe. The influence of developers is shown with an arrow from 'Developers' to 'Land-Use Change' in Figure 16.1. The other parts ofthe figure serve to show the main factors and their relations which affect the process. For example, the medium level of inhabitants' housing demand and the former extensive use of hill lands were decisive for orderly land-use change in the hilly areas in Kobe. However, details of this sort are, as a rule, omitted or only sporadically mentioned in this presentation. Physical Conditions Figure 16.1 Socio-geographical frame of reference for research on land-use change. 194 MITSUNORI SAITO DEVELOPERS AND DEVELOPMENTS Six types in two categories of D，αnchi developers are imporlant in Kobe (Table 16.1). Table 16.1 Area 。f Danehi Deveblpoepd eand Under Devealo)pment by Type of Developer (Iarger than 1 h Type ofdeveloper Cases Area (ha) Per Asivzeerafhgae j cent PUNMHKyu=。nagicosipePamrlewl fpeoucfbtulklrC o e 71 5035 68 71 be 35 3227 44 92 15 97 2 99 Japnadn|H.&U.R.corlp- 12 1 141 16 95 Land Readj. Assoc. 9 470 6 52 Private 177 2295 32 13 Private H. Co. 172 2169 30 13 Land Readj. Assoc. 11 5 126 2 25 Total 248 7730 100 31 First are the public and semi-public developers which can be listed as follows: 1. Municipality of Kobe including Kobe Housing Corporation. 2. Hyogo Prefecture,including Hyogo Housing Corporation (a semi-prefectural company). 3. Housing and City Redevelopment Corporation (a semi-national company). 4. Land readjustment associations 1. Second are the private developers who include (5) private housing companies and (6) land readjustment associations 11. Public and semi-public developers usually construct large-scale Dαnchi of good quality in accordance with the Development of New Residential Towns Act. They also develop D，αnchi according to the City Planning Act as private housing companies do, but in most cases the size of each project is larger and the quality is higher. In Kobe, above all, the role of the municipality is notable in the total area ofD，αnchi (Table 16.1). Here it would be worth...

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