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The Grea t White 'Rac e Adventure': Jack Londo n and the Yellow Peri l Patrick B. Sharp Jack Londo n i s on e o f th e grea t American writer s o f th e first two decade s o f the twentiet h century . Like his contemporaries , Stephen Cran e an d Fran k Norris , London wa s a widely rea d an d admire d author o f the Naturalis t movement . London' s 'do g stories ' such a s The Call of the Wild an d White Fang dramatize d Darwinis t principle s i n a frontie r setting and gave him both economi c stabilit y and international fame . Londo n was also a socialist whose writin g ofte n reflecte d hi s deep sympath y fo r th e working classes . His straightforward pros e styl e and engagin g narratives hav e made hi m a favorite i n many course s o n American Hteratur e taught i n Asian countries. This i s a n extremel y ironi c development , however , a s Londo n was also an arden t Asian-hater who wrot e severa l pieces of fiction an d non fiction vUifyin g th e variou s branche s o f th e 'mongo l race' . London's anti-Asia n writing s wer e no t som e persona l anomal y tha t suUied a n otherwis e briUian t bod y o f work . London' s racis m wa s closel y connected t o hi s Darwinian belief s abou t th e worl d an d th e produc t o f th e same idea s he develope d i n his dog stories. London conceive d o f the Unite d States a s a n Anglo-Saxo n nation , th e produc t o f th e superio r whit e rac e conquering inferio r race s a s they move d westward . In thi s regard, London' s work i s consisten t wit h th e inteUectua l climat e an d historica l theorie s o f his time . The predominan t imag e o f Asians amongs t whit e author s i n th e twentieth-century Unite d State s wa s roote d i n Darwinis t idea s o f race . I n the lat e nineteent h century , technologica l proficienc y wa s see n a s a n 90 Patrick B. Sharp inherently Caucasia n characteristi c tha t ha d enable d th e Anglo-Saxon rac e to expan d acros s th e globe . The Unite d State s wa s see n a s th e frontie r o f this expansio n an d a s th e sourc e o f dat a tha t prove d th e superiorit y o f th e Anglo-Saxon race . In th e earl y twentieth century , the writing o f Jac k Londo n and other s asserte d tha t a h peopl e o f Asian ancestr y wer e a n alie n threa t t o America's Anglo-Saxon identit y an d tha t th e Mongols a s a race pose a threa t to wha t Londo n caU s th e Anglo-Saxon' s colonia l 'rac e adventure ' (1904 , 347). * By understandin g thi s ideology o f an 'Anglo-Saxon'America drive n by technology , w e ca n begi n t o mak e sens e o f man y o f th e stereotype s o f Asians an d Asia n American s i n th e literatur e an d cultur e o f th e Unite d States.2 As fa r bac k a s th e seventeent h century , th e settler s o f wha t wa s t o become th e Unite d State s sa w themselve s a s a 'chose n people ' (Horsma n 3). I n th e eighteent h an d nineteent h centuries , man y whit e America n inteUectuals beHeved that th e foundin g o f the United State s was an extensio n of th e Germani c migration s tha t ha d le d t o th e empire s o f Spain , France , and England . A...

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