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Acknowledgments My thanks go to a number of individuals and institutions that helped me in the course of researching and writing the chapters in this study. Most important, I am indebted to Judy Mathews, Jeneen Artis, and Urooj Khan, the Interlibrary Loan staff of the Cheng Library at William Paterson University, who went beyond the call of duty to get me many of the sources used in this study. The National Archives, London (formerly the Public Record Office, Kew Gardens) Xeroxed and mailed materials to me that I would otherwise have had to travel to London to look at. Gumede Kobati, Adjunct Professor of Arabic at William Paterson University translated the Qur’anic inscriptions on the doors of Beit el-Ajaib Palace in Zanzibar. My wife Margaret facilitated the typesetting of the manuscript which was done by Rimma Zoubreva and Olga Tyurina. ...

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