Migration and Diversity in Asian Contexts

Index

INDEX A “abject cosmopolitans”, 255 active citizenship, 33 Adachi ward, Tokyo, 17 basic plan of, 62–63 comparative chart of Shinjuku wards and, 70–71 cultural and interactive integration in, 72 foreign population in, 66, 68 foreign residents, 66 initiatives, 63 integration reforms in, 73 international marriages in, 67–69, 77 rights of migrants, 65 specific measures undertaken by, 64–65 structural and identificational integration reforms, 78 towards belonging and local citizenship, 73–74 alcohol consumption in Korea, 237, 238 Alien’s Land Act, 1961, 117 Alliance for Human Rights Legislation for Immigrants and Migrants (AHRLIM), 137, 142–43, 144 discriminatory policies and laws against, 141 immigration policy, 145 protest for marriage migrants, 147 Amerasians, 120, 121 American culture in Itaewon, 236, 244 American food culture in Itaewon, 248 Ansan, 249n4 Arabo, 203n4 ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Asian countries citizenship in, 36–41, 49n1 citizenship to migrants, 41–43 diversity in, see Diversity in Asia dual citizenship legislation of, 39–40 feminization of human mobility, 4 human rights movements in, 9 human rights tradition in, 38 intermarriages in, 42 international and internal migration in, 8 labour migration in, 4, 9 migration in, see migration in Asia migratory movement types in, 38 nationality laws in, 49n1 population movements in, 4 rate of naturalization in, 47 Asian multi-cultural modernity, crisis of, 257–60 Asia-Pacific countries, sex-trafficking into, 8 278 Index assimilation, 60 by immigrants, 108, 112, 113 non-intervention to, 119–23 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 41 countries, human rights mechanism, 9 Australia, multicultural policy in, 35 B Balakrishnan, Vivian, 262 Bangladesh migrants, 96, 97 Barth, Frederik, 187 Beijing Olympics, 263, 265 Berry, J.W., 60 black people, 165 Breivik, Anders Behring, 130, 131 British colonial administrators, 12 colonialism, 210, 240 imperialism, 210 brokerage agencies, 6 Buck, Pearl S., 120 bumbay stereotype, 195–96 bumbayin, 203n4 Burmese migrants, 51n24 C Canada, multicultural policy in, 35 caste identity in India, 191 Chen Shui-Bien, 140 China Dalian Shide in, 268, 269 internal migrants in, 7–8 international migration systems of, 14 migration in, 2, 3 Chinese “eating” stalls in Singapore, 212 food items in, 218 Chinese literacy programme, 136–37, 147 Chinese-Malay-Indian-Others (CMIO) model, 87, 89, 92 of multiculturalism, 12 multiracialism, 93, 99 racial arithmetic of, 88 Chinese migrants, 2 Chinese Residents Association (CRA), 118 Chinito, 203n4 citizenship, 32 active, 33 Adachi, 73–74 in Asian countries, 36–41 concept of, 33, 44, 45, 48 dual, see dual citizenship era of globalization, 132–37 European Union, 155n2 gender biases in, 42 global, 84 globally-oriented, 85 intermarriages in Asia, 42 in Japan, 37, 44 Japanese, 33 laws, 37 marriage, 47 in migrant integration, 35 to migrants in Asian countries, 41–43 migration and approaches to, 15 national-based, 65 naturalization, 47 passive and active, 33 from perspectives of social movements, 152–54 radical modes of, 17 rights and duties for, 33 in Singapore, 37, 90, 91 in Taiwan, 17, 137–39 civic rights, 74, 133 class identifications ascriptions by others, 195 media as agents, 198–201 racialized and pathological bodies, 195–98 self ascriptions of, 191–95 Clifford, James, 186–87 Index 279 CMIO model. See Chinese-MalayIndian -Others (CMIO) model colonial administration in Malaya, 11 in Singapore, 11 colonialism British, 210, 240 Japanese, 3, 15 in Seoul, 233 colonial policy, 88 colonization, migration as, 186 Commission for Women’s Rights and Welfare, 138 communalism in Malaysia, 11 community in kopitiam, 220–22 rights, 60 Constitution Amendment, 133 contemporary migration, 1, 16 contract labour systems, 5 Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development, 60 cosmopolitan city, 83, 86 democracy, 85 cosmopolitanism, 10, 83 academic discussions of, 84 application of, 84 city-planning issues, 85 concept of, 84 constructing, 266–71 forms of, 272 intellectual discussions of, 84 manifestation of, 86 minimal requirement of, 100 moral and cultural, 85 of Singapore, 93 state visions of, 87 variants of, 85 Council for Cultural Affairs, 141, 148, 155n8 Council for Hakka Affairs, 140, 146 Council of Labor Affairs, 144 cross-border minorities, 10 cross-border movements, 32 cultural groups in mixed-ethnic people, 165 cultural identities, 134, 182, 187, 237, 247 cultural integration, 58, 61 reforms of, 71–72 in Shinjuku and Adachi wards, 69–71 cultural pluralism, 35 cultural rights, 33 cultural territory in Seoul, 233–34 culture in Itaewon, shifting geographies of, 244–47 customers in kopitiam, 220–22 D Dalian Shide...