Engaging East Asian Integration: States, Markets and the Movement of People

List of Figures and Tables

List of Figures and Tables FIGURES 3.1 Growth of Regional GDP per Capita 48 3.2 Intraregional Trade Has Led East Asia’s Growth 49 3.3 Intraregional Trade in EAP, Compared with NAFTA and the EU 50 3.4 Intraregional Exports and Imports in 1990 and 2006 50 3.5 China’s and Japan’s Imports from ASEAN+3 51 3.6 Exports of East Asian High- and Middle-income Countries 52 3.7 Exports of East Asian Low-income Countries 52 3.8 Intraregional Trade in Parts and Components Has Increased 54 3.9 East Asian Exports Share in Sectors in Increasing Returns to Scale and Constant Returns to Scale 55 3.10 FDI Flows within East Asia 56 3.11 Major Sources of ASEAN Foreign Direct Investment Inflows 57 3.12 Intra-ASEAN FDI Net Inflows 58 3.13 FDI Flows to Economic Sectors in ASEAN Countries 58 3.14 Dispersion of per Capita Income in Western Europe and East Asia 60 3.15 In the Most Open Economies of the Region, Logistics Costs Are Typically Much Lower 63 xii List of Figures and Tables 3.16 Exports to Los Angeles: Logistics Costs of Transport Containers 65 3.17 Transparency Reforms 67 3.18 Impact on Welfare in APEC as a Result of Improvements in Transparency 68 3.19 East Asia’s Services Sector Can Be More Efficient 69 3.20 Time-line of Reforms and Privatization in Selected Countries 70 3.21 Source of Portfolio Finance into NIEs and Developing East Asia and into Developing East Asia 73 3.22 East Asian Swap Arrangements 77 3.23 Estimated Contribution to the Decrease in Volatility in EAP (1980s vs 2001-05) 80 4.1 Trend of Intraregional Trade Ratio in East Asia 101 4.2 Trends of Japan’s Trade Balance and Income Balance 119 4.3 Savings Ratios of Major Asian Countries 124 4.4 Investment Ratios of Major Asian Countries 124 6.1 Proportion of Local and Foreign-born Skilled Workers in Major Destination Countries 176 6.2 Projected Population of Those Aged 15–39 in Developed East Asian Economies (Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, Japan) in Millions 182 6.3 Projected Population of Those Aged 15–39 in Developing East Asian Economies (Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam) in Millions 183 List of Figures and Tables xiii TABLES 3.1 Intra-industry Trade of East Asian Countries in 2006 53 3.2 Regional FDI Patterns 56 3.3 Net Effects on Economic Welfare of Various Regional Trade Proposals 61 3.4 Year-to-date Cumulative Net Bond and Equity Fund Inflows by Major Fund Managers 84 4.1 Trend of GDP Growth Rate and Contribution Ratio by Country and Region 99 4.2 Number of Japanese Companies with Bases in Asia 102 4.3 FTAs Already Effective within East Asia (ASEAN+6) Region 104 4.4 Trend of Thailand’s Ratio of Exports under CEPT to Total Exports to the ASEAN Region 106 4.5 Trend of TV Imports (HS 8528) in the Philippines by Exporting Country 107 4.6 Trend of Imports of Passenger Cars and Commercial Vehicles in Australia 109 4.7 Thailand’s Trade with India in Major Items on a Trade Value Basis among the Thailand-India Early Harvest List 109 4.8 Overseas Earnings of Japanese Listed Companies 118 5.1 FTAs/EPAs of East Asian States/Regions (as of November 2010) 130 5.2 Multilateral Cooperation Frameworks Involving East Asia (as of November 2010) 132 6.1 Migrants with Tertiary Education from East Asia to OECD Countries 164 6.2 Distribution of Employed Tertiary Educated Migrants from East Asia to the United States by Occupations (%) 165 6.3a Employed Tertiary Educated Migrants from East Asia to Japan by Occupation 167 xiv List of Figures and Tables 6.3b Distribution of Employed Tertiary Educated Migrants from East Asia to Japan by Occupation (%) 168 6.4 Regional Distribution of All Adult Migrants with a Tertiary Education by Source and Receiving Region (%) 169 6.5 Japan’s Stock of Foreign Workers by Admission Category, 2002–06 170 6.6 Republic of Korea: Stock of Foreign Professionals, 2004– 07 171 6.7 The Philippines: New-hired Filipino Professional, Technical and Managerial Workers by Sex 173 6.8 Prediction Model: Foreign Worker Share 177 6.9 Actual vs Predicted Proportion of Foreign Workers to Total Number of Workers 178 6.10 Prediction Model...