Civilizations in Embrace: The Spread of Ideas and the Transformation of Power; India and Southeast Asia in the Classical Age

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The Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre (NSC) at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, pursues research on historical interactions among Asian societies and civilizations. It serves as a forum for comprehensive study of the ways in which Asian polities and societies have interacted over time through religious, cultural, and economic exchanges and diasporic networks. The Research Series provides scholars with an avenue to present the outcome of their research and allows an opportunity to develop new or innovative approaches in the sphere of intra-Asian interactions. The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) was established as an autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. First published in Singapore in 2013 by ISEAS Publishing Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Pasir Panjang Singapore 119614 E-mail: publish@iseas.edu.sg Website: http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.© 2013 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore The responsibility for facts and opinions in this publication rests exclusively with the author and his interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of the publishers or their supporters. ISEAS Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Acharya, Amitav, 1962Civilizations in embrace : the spread of ideas and the transformation of power : India and Southeast Asia in the classical age. 1. Southeast Asia—Civilization—Indic influences. 2. Southeast Asia—Relations—India. 3. India—Relations—Southeast Asia. 4. Southeast Asia—Politics and government. I. Title. DS523.2 A17 2013 ISBN 978-981-4379-73-1 (hard cover) ISBN 978-981-4379-74-8 (E-book PDF) Cover design: Qu’est-ce Que C’est Design Cover photo: The Golden Voyage: Traders (Sadhavas) from ancient Kalinga (modern Orissa on the east coast of India) being given a ceremonial send-off by their families on their voyage to Southeast Asian lands. Contemporary Orissan painting, courtesy of Amitav Acharya. Photograph by Lu Caixia Typeset by International Typesetters Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore by Photoplates Pte Ltd ...