From the Ground Up

Perspectives on Post-Tsunami and Post-Conflict Aceh

Patrick Daly, R Michael Feener and Anthony J S Reid

Publication Year: 2012

The tsunami that struck a dozen countries around the Indian Ocean on 26 December 2004 evoked international sympathy on a scale beyond any previous natural disaster. The international relief effort broke all records both in scale and diversity, with seven billion U.S. dollars donated from all over the world through public and private agencies for Sumatra alone. Simply as a reconstruction effort, therefore, the disbursement of those funds and the rebuilding of housing, infrastructure, and economy posed major national and international challenges. However this was not simply a reconstruction effort. Aceh at that time was a war zone, with Indonesia’s military engaged in a major operation to crush a separatist rebellion that had been simmering since 1976. Even though the funds had been donated for tsunami relief, any real reconstruction of Aceh had to consider the impact of the conflict on the well-being of the population, as well as governance and administrative capacities. This volumes serves the purpose not only of discussing some of the lessons of the Aceh reconstruction and peace processes, but also of maintaining critical links between Aceh and the international community after the initial tranches of aid expire.

Published by: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

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The tsunami that struck a dozen countries around the Indian Ocean on 26 December 2004 evoked international sympathy on a scale beyond any previous natural disaster. The unprecedented media coverage and humanitarian response was prompted not only by dramatic images relayed from hand-held cameras and phones, ...

List of Figues and Tables

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pp. x-xii

The Contributors

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pp. xiii-xvii

Leena Avonius received her Ph.D. in anthropology at Leiden University in the Netherlands in 2004. In 2005–06 she worked as EU observer and Reintegration Coordinator for the Aceh Monitoring Mission. ...

Glossary and Abbreviations

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pp. xviii-xxii

Introduction

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pp. xxiii-xxxi

How can we achieve post-disaster reconstruction and development that both rebuilds and protects people from potential loss in future catastrophes? How can we nurture a peace that assuages previous grievances and reduces the possibilities for renewed hostilities between parties with a long history of antagonism? ...

1. The Sunda Megathrust: Past, Present and Future

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pp. 1-22

After lying dormant for about a thousand years, the sudden slippage of a 1,600-km long section of the Sunda megathrust fault caused uplift of the seafloor between the Indonesian island of Sumatra and Myanmar, resulting in a great earthquake and the horrific Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004. ...

Part I: Reconstruction Efforts

2. Disaster Recovery: An International Humanitarian Challenge?

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pp. 25-39

Natural disasters produce long-term and complex impacts on survivors’ livelihoods, on their physical, social and political infrastructure, and the environment. In almost all cases, recovery operations appear almost immediately following a natural disaster. ...

3. Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development (LRRD) to Social Protection: Lessons from the Early Tsunami Response in Aceh

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pp. 40-56

The tsunami had an immense impact on development processes, conflicts, patterns of risk and poverty in affected areas, as did the subsequent relief and reconstruction efforts. This chapter looks at how affected populations in Aceh have coped with the disaster from a social protection perspective. ...

4. Cultural Heritage and Community Recovery in Post-Tsunami Aceh

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pp. 57-78

Our experiences in Aceh lead us to believe that a surprising amount of the reconstruction and development agenda has failed to address the cultural and historical dimensions of social recovery. In spite of all the meetings, coordinating sessions and public statements about interagency cooperation, ...

5. Managing Post-Disaster Reconstruction Finance: International Experience in Public Finance Management

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pp. 79-113

The past decade has presented the development community with some of its most demanding reconstruction challenges since the aftermath of World War II. The World Bank and other development partners have been involved in post-disaster reconstruction in response to the devastation resulting from the tsunami in Indonesia (Aceh), ...

6. Between Custom and Law: Protecting the Property Rights of Women after the Tsunami in Aceh

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pp. 114-131

Few would dispute the potential for natural disasters and armed conflicts to have a disproportionate impact on women, especially in the developing world. Women who are primary caregivers, with greater responsibility for household work, have less time and capacity to mobilize resources for recovery. ...

7. Factors Determining the Movements of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Aceh

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pp. 132-155

Aceh has witnessed significant human migration due to both man-made and natural disasters. The civil war during the late 1940s to early 1950s, followed by three decades of struggle for independence since 1976 have caused major IDP and refugee crises. ...

8. Aceh’s Forests as an Asset for Reconstruction?

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pp. 156-176

Forests and forest products have played a central role in Aceh’s history; Aceh’s very name, according to Denys Lombard (referring to William Marsden), may even be attributable to a plant.² During the first decades of the seventeenth century, when Aceh was ruled by Sultan Iskandar Muda and had reached its apex as a regional power, ...

Part II: Conflict Resolution

9. Managing Risk: Aceh, the Helsinki Accords and Indonesia’s Democratic Development

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pp. 179-213

The final months of 2006 and early months of 2007 were marked by a series of surprises in Aceh, as the province continued a political evolution that began with the signing of the historic Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 15 August 2005.¹ The first surprise was that the political campaign and elections were relatively peaceful. ...

10. Making Peace Agreements Effective: The Aceh Monitoring Mission Experience

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pp. 214-224

The people of Aceh have been the victims of two immense disasters: more than three decades of conflict that officially ended in 2006 and the 2004 tsunami. Both of these have been at the centre of immense international focus since the tsunami propelled Aceh onto the world stage; ...

11. Justice and the Aceh Peace Process

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pp. 225-241

Justice is a tricky word. Everybody makes claims for it and in its name, but very few would be able to explain exactly what it means. This is not because of ignorance, but rather due to the wide scope the term is assumed to cover, and the ambiguities attached to it in its everyday use. ...

12. Managing Peace in Aceh: The Challenge of Post-Conflict Peace Building

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pp. 242-257

Unlike the previous two peace attempts, the Helsinki peace accord reached by the Government of Indonesia (GoI) and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in August 2005 appears to have a better chance of bringing an end to the separatist conflict in the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD). ...

Index

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pp. 258-262

E-ISBN-13: 9789814345200
Print-ISBN-13: 9789814345194

Page Count: 262
Publication Year: 2012

Edition: 1