The Crescent Arises over the Banyan Tree: A Study of the Muhammadiyah Movement in a Central Javanese Town, c.1910s-2010 (Second Enlarged Edition)

List of Figures and Maps

LIST oF FIGURES AnD MAPS Map 1 Java, Yogyakarta and Kotagede xlvi 1.1 Bird’s eye view of the Royal Cemetery complex (Pasareyan) in Kotagede 10 1.2 Graves of Senapati and other royal family members of Later Mataram 11 1.3 Front gate of the Great Mosque of Mataram 12 2.1 Map of Kotagede 23 2.2 Kotagede: kota vs. desa 25 2.3 Mausoleums for royal graves 29 2.4 Front view of Royal Cemetery complex in Kotagede during the 1971 general election 30 2.5 Abdi Dalem Jurukunci on duty 30 2.6 Requesting the help of the spirit of Senapati at the inner gate of the Royal Cemetery 37 2.7 Bathing in Siliran Spring (women’s section) 38 2.8 Boys gathered at the Great Mosque for prayer before group circumcision 38 2.9 Boys leaving the Great Mosque for group circumcision 39 3.1 Friday prayer in the inner hall of the Great Mosque (minbar dates back to Sultan Agung’s time) 55 3.2 Religious lecture meeting (pengajian) on the front porch (srambi) of the Great Mosque 55 3.3 Main road (northern route) from Kotagede to Yogyakarta — Mt. Merapi in the background 59 3.4 Front view of Kotagede market 59 3.5 Inside scene of Kotagede market 60 3.6 Main road (eastern route) from Kotagede to Plered 60 3.7 Open reception hall (pendopo) of Sopingin, Chief Key-Keeper (Lurah Jurukunci) 72 3.8 Palace-like house of a Kalang family (used for R.K. head’s election meeting) 72 xi 4.1 House of the “merchant king” Atmosudigdo 81 4.2 Cemetery of the “merchant king” Bahuwinangun 81 4.3 Portrait of Kyai Haji Amir (c.1892–1948) 87 4.4 Kinship and marriage relationships among Muhammadiyah founders in Kotagede 90 4.5 Indonesian students in Cairo, at the front gate of Al-Azhar University, 1928 96 4.6 Kotagede youths in Holland, 1930 100 4.7 Tukang perak (silver craftsmen) pounding out silver trays 104 4.8 Engraving motifs on silver trays 105 4.9 Smoothening and polishing silverware 105 4.10 Extending and thinning silver threads 106 4.11 Pak Dullah Siddiq, an entrepreneur with craftsmen at his tortoise-shell workshop (kerajinan penyu) 106 4.12 Buruh jahit (sewers) at konfeksi (ready-made clothes) workshop 107 4.13 H. Humam Siradj with a cutter at konfeksi workshop 107 4.14 Workers at imitasi (imitation accessories) workshop 108 4.15 Haji Masjhudi, founder of Kotagede Muhammadiyah, in front of his general store 114 4.16 Haji Masjhudi and Professor Mukti Ali at Bani Mukmin’s annual Syawalan meeting 114 4.17 Syawalan meeting of Bani Mukmin — descendants of Haji Muchsin and spouses 115 4.18 Syawalan meeting of Bani Mukmin — descendants of Haji Masduki and spouses 115 4.19 Haji Masjhudi in prayer (do’a) 116 4.20 People paying last tribute to Haji Masjhudi’s body 116 4.21 Haji Masjhudi’s body carried to cemetery in Alun-Alun for burial 117 4.22 Haji Masjhudi’s body placed in his grave facing west 117 5.1 Exhibition by the Publications Division of the Muhammadiyah at the Sekaten Festival of Yogyakarta, 1932 138 5.2 K.H. Pringgo Hastono (b. 1884), retired penghulu (chief religious official) of Kotagede Surakarta 144 5.3 Muhammadiyah leaders in Kotagede 144 5.4 Pak Mudjono, Parmusi (Indonesian Muslim Party) politician in Kotagede 145 xii List of Figures and Maps 5.5 Nizar Chirzin, Muhammadiyah youth leader 145 5.6 Takbiran on the last night of Ramadhan 155 5.7 Girls gathered for takbiran 156 5.8 Collection of zakat fitrah (religious tax) in rice on the eve of Idul Fitri 156 5.9 Distribution of zakat fitrah on the eve of Idul Fitri 157 5.10 Procession to sholat ied (festive prayer) on Idul Adha 157 5.11 Men and boys in sholat ied (festive prayer) on Idul Adha 158 5.12 Women and girls in sholat ied (festive prayer) on Idul Adha 158 5.13 Khutbah (sermon) after sholat ied (festive prayer) on Idul Adha159 5.14 Korban (sacrificial animals) led to the slaughter on Idul Adha 159 5.15 Cow being sacrificed 160 5.16 Goat being sacrificed 160 5.17 Slaughtered animals taken for distribution of meat 161 6.1 Syawalan meeting of R.K. Prenggan (speaker is the sub-district military commander, Pak...