The Crescent Arises over the Banyan Tree: A Study of the Muhammadiyah Movement in a Central Javanese Town, c.1910s-2010 (Second Enlarged Edition)

PART II: KOTAGEDE REVISITED, 1972–2010

PART II Kotagede Revisited, 1972–2010 Coming Home By Nur Atika Smiles… My old town My small town Warmth… At every corner An old friend of mine Stories… Of alleys separated by walls, and Laughters from childhood days Echoes… Of santris chanting the Qur’an Rising and lowering Faces… Of my old town Always the same From: “Pulang”, Brosur Lebaran, AMM Kotagede, No. 39, 1421H/2000M, p. 77. English translation by Mitsuo Nakamura MAP 2 Kotagede Region BOUNDARIES: + + + Kota/Kabupatan – · – · Kecamatan – – – Kelurahan/Desa GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS: 1. Kantor Kecamatan Kotagede 2. Kantor Kl. Rejowinangun 3. Kantor Kl. Prenggan 4. Kantor Kl. Purbayan 5. Kantor Desa Jagalan 6. Kantor KUA Kec. Kotagede 7. Kantor Pos 8. PUSKESMAS Kec. Kotagede I 9. PUSKESMAS Kec. Kotagede II 10. SMA Negeri 5 Yogyakarta STORES & WORKSHOPS: 11. Pasar Kotagede 12. Tom’s Silver 13. MD Silver 14. HS Silver 15. PENI General Store 16. Chocolate Firm Monggo MUHAMMADIYAH BUILDINGS: a. Kantor PC Muhammadiyah b. PKU Muhammadiyah c. Musholla ‘Aisyiyah d. Masjid Perak e. Masjid Al Huda f. SD Muhammadiyah Bodon g. SMP Muhammadiyah 7 h. SMA Muhammadiyah 4 i. SMK Muhammadiyah 3 OTHER BUILDINGS & FACILITIES: j. Masjid Agung Mataram k. Gedung Da’wah Al-Qur’an l. Gedung PDHI m. Karang Sports Field n. Rumah Pesik 0 0.5 km 1 km 12 2 10 b 8 3 13 4 6 1 C 7 14 d h e a n 9 5 15 11 j 16 k g i f m l MAP 3 Yogyakarta City and Kotagede Region INTRODUCTION TO PART II Part II of this book covers the history of the Muhammadiyah movement in Kotagede for the period of approximately forty years since my first fieldwork, i.e., from 1972 to 2010. During the period 1972–98, General Soeharto ruled Indonesia with his strategy of pembangunan, i.e., economic development under military control with the aid of Western powers. During the period 1998–2010, Indonesia experienced years of turbulent political change, in which the dictatorship of General Soeharto fell before the widespread protests and the era of Reformasi (Reformation) was launched. In Part II, attention is focussed on the local scene of Kotagede against the background of developments at the national level. Chapter 8 reviews social changes occurring over the forty year period in the town of Kotagede in terms of urbanization, diversification, and globalization. Then, in Chapter 9, the achievements of the Muhammadiyah during the same period are described and discussed. In the following Chapter 10, the internal dynamics of the Muhammadiyah, especially of the conflicts between generations, and the process of change in its leadership are examined. In Chapter 11, a number of challenges currently faced by the Muhammadiyah movement in the post-Reformasi situation are taken up. In Chapter 12, an interesting and important recent development in the town, i.e., the Festival Kotagede, is discussed in relation with the Muhammadiyah. Chapter 13 deals with the impact of the 2006 earthquake and the efforts for rescue, recovery and reconstruction undertaken by the Muhammadiyah and others. An exact chronological approach is not taken in historical narratives because of the paucity of appropriate data. Instead, I have presented for description and discussion a series of snapshots of major events and developments concerning the Muhammadiyah movement with some statistical data. After the Concluding Remarks in Chapter 14, which summarizes major points of findings through the “revisit” study and discusses the future direction of the Muhammadiyah movement, Part II is followed by a Post-Postscript including acknowledgements.There, I have offered my personal reminiscences and appreciation of the help of others given to me during the forty years of my observation on the Muhammadiyah movement in Kotagede. ...