Older Persons in Southeast Asia: An Emerging Asset

List of Tables

ix List of Tables 5.1 Total Populations, Older Persons, and Median Age of the Total Population: Thailand, 1975–2025 118 5.2 Percentage of Older Persons Classified by Working Conditions, Economic Activities, Sex and Place of Residence: Thailand, 2001 and 2005 122 5.3 Number and Percentage of Personal Savings per Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Thailand, 1999–2004 124 5.4 Percentage of Older Persons by Living Arrangements: Thailand, 1994, 2002, and 2005 124 5.5 Percentage of Older Persons by Income Support from Various Sources: Thailand, 1994 and 2002 126 5.6 Percentages of Older Persons by Main Supporting Persons and Forms of Support: Thailand, 2002 126 5.7 Total Budget Allocation to Support Old Age Sustenance for Poor Older Persons: Thailand, 2003–07 134 5.8 Annual Budget Allocation for National Health Insurance Scheme: Thailand, 2003–07 137 6.1 Demographic Characteristics and Poverty of the Older Persons and Their Households in Vietnam, 2004 149 6.2 Changes of Poverty Rate under the Proposed NCP Scheme with Different Scenarios 152 6.3 Changes of Poverty Gap under the Proposed NCP Scheme 153 6.4 Costs of the Proposed NCP Scheme with Three Different Scenarios 157 6.5 Benefits of the Proposed NCP Schemes with Different Scenarios 158 6.6 Estimated Costs for a Universal NCP Scheme under Demographic Changes, 2004–2050 160 x x List of Tables 7.1 Numbers of Population, Older Persons, Population Aged 15–59, and Support Ratio: Selected Economies, 2000 170 7.2 Ageing Population and Labour Force Participation Rates (LPFR) of the Population Aged 60–64: Selected Economies in Southeast Asia, 2000 171 7.3 Employment Sectors by Age: Indonesia and Its Selected Provinces: 2000 194 7.4 Employment Sector by Age: Thailand and Its Selected Provinces, 2000 195 7.5 Employment Sectors by Age: Singapore, 2000 196 7.6 Employment Sectors by Age: Brunei Darussalam, 2001 196 7.7 Employment Sectors by Age: Malaysia and Its Selected States, 2000 197 7.8 Employment Status by Age: Singapore, 2000 199 7.9 Employment Status by Age: Brunei Darussalam, 2001 199 7.10 Employment Status by Age: Indonesia and Its Selected Provinces, 2000 200 7.11 Employment Status by Age: Thailand and Its Selected Provinces, 2000 202 7.12 Types of Occupation by Age Group: Thailand and Its Selected Provinces, 2000 204 7.13 Type of Occupation by Age Group: Malaysia and Its Selected States, 2000 205 7.14 Type of Occupation by Age Group: Brunei Darussalam, 2001 206 8.1 Odds of Sample Women Remaining in the 2005 Survey 225 8.2 Selected Characteristics of the Sample Women in 2005 by Age 225 8.3 Work-related Characteristics of Women by Age 227 8.4 Domestic Work of Women by Age 230 8.5 Household Composition by Age 231 8.6 Household Income by Age 232 8.7 Other Sources of Income by Women’s Age 234 8.8 Household Expenditure by Age 235 8.9 Regression Estimates for Expenditure Per Capita with Selected Characteristics of Middle-aged, Near-elderly and Elderly Women, 2005 236 xi List of Tables xi 8.10 Regression Estimates for Income Per Capita with Selected Characteristics of Middle-aged, Near-elderly and Elderly Women, 2005 237 9.1 Distribution of Active CPF Members by Engrossed Balances (Including Withdrawals) and Age Groups as of 31 December 2006 248 9.2 Distribution of Active CPF Members by Monthly Wage Levels and Age Groups as of 31 December of Respective Year 249 9.3 Proportion of Employees under Flexible Wage Systems, Singapore as of 30 June 2004 255 9.4 Proportion of Employees with Some Form of Wage Flexibility by Industries as of 30 June 2004 256 9.5 Number of Skills Development Fund (SDF) Sponsored Trainees: 1996, 1999, and 2005 257 9.6 Principal Statistics of Skills Development Fund (SDF): 2003 and 2005 258 9.7 Number of Trainees by Age: 2003 and 2005 258 9.8 Number of Trainees by Education: 2003 and 2005 259 9.9 Number of Trainees by Firm Size: 2003 and 2005 260 9.10 Expenditure Per Trainee by Firm Size: 2003 and 2005 260 9.11 Proportion of Funds Used by Firm Size 261 9.12 Revenue and Expenditure of Skills Development Fund (SDF) 261 9.13 CPF Contribution Rates for Workers aged 35 to 45, 2006 263 9.14 Indices of Unit Business Cost and Unit Labour Cost in the...