Nahdlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power within Islam and Politics in Indonesia

Glossary

xi Glossary abangan Muslims nominal or less strict Muslims, usually in reference to Javanese Muslims ahlusunnah wal jamaah ‘those who follow the Sunnah’; long-hand term for the majority Sunni branch within Islam; in Indonesia, it refers to those who follow any of the four mazhab, and is used by traditionalist Muslims to differentiate themselves from modernist Muslims aliran ‘stream’; also used to denote the variation between types of Islam in Indonesia Al-Irsyad Jami’yyat al-Islah wal-Irsyad (Union for Reformation and Guidance) amar ma’ruf nahi munkar doing good and avoiding evil Ansor the young men’s branch of NU assalamu’alaikum ‘peace be upon you’ (an Islamic greeting) Bakorstanas Badan Koordinasi Stabilitas Nasional (Coordinating Agency for the Maintenance of National Stability) Banser the paramilitary wing of Ansor bid’ah innovation (usually holds a negative connotation) BPPN Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional (National Banking Rehabilitation Agency) Bulog Badan Urusan Logistik (National Logistics Agency) Darul Islam a pro-Islamic-state, secessionist movement that rebelled against the Indonesian government in 1948–62 DDII Dewan Dakwah Islam Indonesia (Islamic Education Council of Indonesia); founded in 1967 xi xii DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (People’s Representative Council); the lower house of parliament ELSAD Lembaga Studi Agama dan Demokrasi (Institute for the Study of Religion and Democracy) Fatayat NU NU Younger Women’s Organization fatwa religious edict or opinion fiqh jurisprudence, legal prescriptions FKI Forum Kerja Indonesia (Indonesian Working Forum); founded in 1998 FUKOHA Forum Ulama Untuk Optimalisasi Hak Atas Anggaran (Forum of Ulama to Optimize Budget Rights) GMNU Generasi Muda Nahdlatul Ulama (Young Generation of NU) Golkar Golongan Karya (the state political party under the New Order, and one of the major post-New Order parties) GPI Gerakan Pemuda Islam (Islamic Youth Movement) Guided Democracy the Soekarno regime, 1959–66 Gus Dur Abdurrahman Wahid Haji title used by a male who has performed the hajj Hadith report or account of the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad transmitted through a chain of narrators; Hadith are a basic source for Islamic law (see also Sunnah) hajj the annual pilgrimage to Mecca halal ‘released’ (from prohibition); term denoting what is permitted or lawful in Islam haram ‘forbidden’; term for actions or things that are prohibited by Islamic law Hijaz a coastal region of the western Arabian Peninsula bordering the Red Sea, and including both Mecca and Medina; it was ii Nahdlatul Ulama and the Struggle for Power xiii Glossary iii an independent kingdom until it united with Nejd to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia HMI Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (Islamic Students Association); founded in 1947 IAIN Institut Agama Islam Negeri (State Islamic Institute); provides tertiary-level degrees ibadah worship, prescribed ritual duty IBRA Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (also known as BPPN) ICIP International Centre for Islam and Pluralism; founded in 2003 ICIS International Conference of Islamic Scholars ICMI Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals); founded in 1990 ijtihad independent judgement, based on recognized sources of Islam, on a legal or theological question (in contrast to taqlid, judgment based on tradition or convention) ijma’ consensus of expert legal opinion IPKI Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia (Pro-Independence Alliance of Indonesia) IPNU Ikatan Pelajar Nahdlatul Ulama (Union of NU Students); a group for secondary school boys IPPNU Ikatan Pelajar Putri Nahdlatul Ulama (Union of NU Girl Students); a group for secondary school girls ISIS Institut untuk Studi Institusi Sosial (Institute for Social Institutions Studies) jahiliyah ‘ignorance of Islam’; historically it refers to the period before the revelation of Islam and its spread by the Prophet Muhammad JIL Jaringan Islam Liberal (Liberal Islam Network); founded in 2001 xiv JPPR Jaringan Pendidikan Pemilih untuk Rakyat (People’s Voter Education Network); founded in 1998 Ka’bah the ‘House of God’; a cube-like building situated in the Grand Mosque of Mecca Kembali ke Khittah 1926 Return to the Guidelines of 1926 Kepercayaan ‘Belief’; the official title for a set of mystically oriented belief systems indigenous to Indonesia ketua director or deputy chair ketua umum chair (the head of the Tanfidziyah) KH Kiai Haji (see kiai, Haji) khilafiyah contentious legal matter on which the opinion of the ulama is divided khittah guidelines, basis Khittah ’26 see Kembali ke Khittah 1926 kiai ‘noble’, ‘lofty’; title of a religious scholar or leader KISDI Komite Indonesia untuk Solidaritas Dunia Islam (Indonesian Committee for World Islamic Solidarity); formed in 1986 to promote the cause of overseas Muslims in conflict...