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GLOSSARY ahl al-kitab “People of the Book”; term used in the (kitabiyah) Qur’an to refer to Jews and Christians who, like Muslims, have scriptures recognized as having been revealed by God. akad nikah Sacred legal contract of marriage faraid Injunction, statutory portion, lawful share; action made obligatory on Muslims by Allah fatwa Ruling on a point of law or dogma given by a scholar who has the authority to do so fiqh Islamic jurisprudence ijma Social consensus ijtihad Independent judgment, based on recognized sources of Islam, on a legal or theological question (in contrast to taqlid, judgment based on tradition or convention) kadi A judge of the religious court kafir Infidel, non-Muslim kaum muda Islamic modernist movement originating in West Sumatra in the early 1900s xv 00 Muslim_NonMuslim Prelims 5/4/09, 3:51 PM 15 xvi Glossary khalifah fi al-ardh The vice regent of God on earth khao khaek Become a Muslim, in southern Thai usage mahar A gift, mandatory in Islam, given by the groom to the bride mufti In the Singapore context, the mufti is the highest religious official appointed by the President of Singapore, and chairs the Legal Committee of the Muslim Religious Council of Singapore. musyrik Generally refers to those who believe in more than one God nikah Marry; or unite; legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife sufi A Muslim mystic syariah Divine guidance as given by the Qur’an and Sunnah and includes all aspects of Islamic beliefs and practices tasawuf Mysticism ulama Islamic scholars wali Guardian zauj To pair; used in the Qur’an, along with the term nikah, as meaning to marry 00 Muslim_NonMuslim Prelims 5/4/09, 3:51 PM 16 ...

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