Asian Development Experience Vol. 2: The Role of Governance in Asia

List of Tables

Introduction vii List of Tables 2.1 Costs Incurred by Truck Drivers at Weighing Stations on 47 the Way from North Sumatra to Jakarta 2.2 Types of Official Levies on Rubber Commodities in 49 North Sumatra 2.3 District Level Poverty Reduction between 1999 and 56 2002 by KPPOD’s Index of Bureaucratic Culture 2.4 District Level Poverty Reduction between 1999 and 2002 57 by LPEM Index of Government 2.5 Results of District Level Change in Poverty on 58 Government Indicators 4.1 Change of Shares and Performance of Listed 96 Companies in Indonesia by Type of Business Groups 4.2 Summary of 6 Business Groups (1): Sales and Debts 98 4.3 Summary of 6 Business Groups (2): Ownership/ 99 Management Pattern, Level of Debt, Disclosure and Investment, and Governance Structure 4.A1a Data of Publicly Listed Companies under 6 Business 124 Groups, 1996 4.A1b Data of Publicly Listed Companies under 6 Business 127 Groups, 2000 5.1 Change of Governance Indicators of Indonesia from 1997 142 to 2002 5.2 Some Examples of Analyses on the Relationship 143 between Governance Factors and Indonesian Economic Performance viii Foreign Direct Investment and Development in Vietnam 5.3 Tentative Assumptions on the Relationship between 146 Governance Factors and Economic Development in Indonesia 5.4 The Shift of Roles of Four Major Actors in Policymaking 150 during 1966–1995 5.5 Summary of the Characteristics of Economic Policy 154 Decision-making Structure 6.1 Governance Indicators of Selected Countries of East Asia 169 and Sub-Saharan Africa 6.2 Macroeconomic Indicators of Thailand in the Early 1980s 174 6.3 Exchange Rate Changes After the Plaza Accord 177 6.4 Simulation on the Profitability of NFC (US$ million) 180 6.5 Trends of Foreign Exchange Rates and International 181 Fertilizer Price 6.6 Trends of Fiscal Balance and Debt Indicator 183 7.1 Laws Relating to Decentralization in Thailand 200 7.2 Role and Functions of Local Government Organization 202 in Accordance with the Decentralization Act of 1999 7.3 Budget for Universal Coverage Scheme 219 7.4 Health Facilities in Khon Kaen Province 224 7.5 Changes of Staff Allocation in PCUs of Chum Phae and 232 Num Phong Districts (After the Adoption of the Universal Coverage Scheme) 7.6 Types and Coverage of Health Insurance in Khon Kaen 235 7.7 Interview Results: Health-Seeking Behaviours of Clients in 236 Chum Phae and Num Phong Districts before and after Implementing 30-Baht Scheme viii Asian Development Experience, Vol. 2 Introduction ix 7.8 Interview Results: Type of Health Services Sought from 236 the CUPs in Chum Phae and Num Phong Districts 7.9 Interview Results: Satisfaction of the Clients Attending 237 PCUs in Chum Phae and Num Phong Districts 8.1 Statistics on Local Government Units (LGUs) in the 273 Philippines 8.2 Top Five Provinces in HDI, 1994–2000 279 8.3 Bottom Five Provinces in HDI, 1994–2000 279 8.4 Poverty Incidence by Province, 1991–2000 280 8.5 Per Capita Human Priority Expenditures, 1991–1994 282 8.6 Cash Overdraft (in Million Pesos) CY, 1991–1996 284 8.7 Unliquidated Cash Advances CY, 1987–1996 285 (in Million Pesos) 8.8 Comparative Income Collected by LGUs Nationwide 288 from Local Sources, CYs 1988–1992 and CYs 1996–2000 8.9 Average Ratio of IRA to Local Income Sources, 288 1994–1998 8.10 Budget Operation Statement (Incomes and Expenditure) 289 Average, 1994–1999 8.11 Average Per Capita IRA, 1991–2001 290 8.12 Per Capita IRA of Provinces, 1991–2001 291 8.13 Percentage of Tax, Non-Tax, and IRA to Total LGU 292 Receipts, 1992–1999 8.14 Average Local Sources and IRA of Provinces, 1994–2001 292 8.15 ARMM Collection from Taxes, 1996–2000 294 8.16 ARMM Expenditures, 1991–2002 295 List of Tables ix x Foreign Direct Investment and Development in Vietnam 9.1 Malaysia’s Key Economic Indicators 321 9.2 Malaysia: Selected Economic Indicators, 1980 and 322 1985–1997 9.3 Malaysia: Incidence of Poverty, 1970–1995 325 9.4 Net Balance of Payments 328 10.1 Social Background of PAP MPs 352 10.2 Scholarship Organization and Programmes 354 10.3 Major Scholarship Programmes Provided by the PSC 356 10.4 Overseas Universities Chosen by President’s Scholars in 357 1991 and 2001 10.5 Scholarships Awarded By Field of Study...