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GLOSSARY
- ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
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xii Glossary© 2003 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore xii GLOSSARY abangan a Javanese of heterodox religious orientation; a Muslim who is greatly influenced by pre-Islamic Hindu, Buddhist, and indigenous animistic beliefs ABRI Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia) adat localized traditional law and custom; one of the major strands of contemporary Indonesian law Aliran Kepercayaan syncretic belief group amil lit. “worker”; in fiqh, it refers to a person acting as the operator to accept and distribute zakat amr makruf nahi munkar enjoining good and forbidding evil asas tunggal sole philosophical principle; sole basic general truth bahts al-masail an effort to solve religious matters Baitul Maal public treasury in an Islamic state BAZIS Badan Amil Zakat, Infak dan Shadaqah; a formal institution which accepts and distributes zakat and Islamic voluntary charity (infak and shadaqah) from the rich to the needy BI Bank Indonesia; as an independent central bank, BI is fully autonomous in formulating and implementing each of its tasks and functions as the monetary authority BIMB Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad BMI Bank Muamalat Indonesia; the first Indonesian bank with a shari’a system Glossary xiii© 2003 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore BPR Bank Pengkreditan Rakyat (Public Credit Bank) bismillah in the name of Allah CSIS Center for Strategic and International Studies dakwah call, invitation, or missionary activities seeking either to convert non-Muslims or to guide Muslims who have strayed back to the true path DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (House of People’s Representatives) DPR-GR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Gotong Royong (House of Representatives of Functional Groups); a transitional DPR in the period of Guided Democracy in which political power shifted to the President dwifungsi lit. “dual function”; the dual role of the Indonesian Army as a security force and a socio-political power faraid (sing. fard) injunction, statutory portion, lawful share; action made obligatory upon Muslims by Allah fard ayn a duty incumbent upon the individual fard al-kifayah a duty incumbent upon the community, the fulfilment of which by a sufficient number of individuals excuses others from fulfilling it fasakh a decision of divorce based on collusion from the wife fatawa plural of fatwa fatwa a religious opinion issued by a competent scholar fiqh (or fikih) originally, understanding, knowledge, comprehension; technically, it refers to the science of Islamic jurisprudence FPI Front Pembela Islam (Front of Islamic Defenders) GBHN Garis Besar Haluan Negara (Guidelines of Basic State Policy); master plans and policies for Indonesia’s national development Golkar Golongan Karya (Union of Functional groups); groupings within society, such as peasants, workers and women, that are represented by delegates to the various deliberative bodies; Golkar functions as an armyinstituted and government-supported political party, winning over 60 per cent of the vote in each of the elections held during the Soeharto era. gugat (cerai gugat) a divorce proposed by the wife to end a marriage by law; cf. talak [54.204.142.235] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 05:46 GMT) xiv Glossary© 2003 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore hajj pilgrimage to Mecca halal permitted by the Islamic law; legitimate haram prohibited by the Islamic law; forbidden hibah gift hisab a hereafter judge of all human deeds HMI Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (Association of Islamic University Students) hukum nasional lit. “national law”; national rule made by the authority, especially those laws passed by the parliament or issued by the executive branch HUSAMI Himpunan Usahawan Muslimin Indonesia (Association of Indonesian Muslim Businessmen) IAIN Institut Agama Islam Negeri (State Institute for Islamic Studies) ICMI Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association) IDB Islamic Development Bank Idul Fitri the first day of the month of Syawwal; a day of celebration which marks the end of the thirty-day fasting period ifta issuing a fatwa by a recognized scholar ijtihad exertion, independent legal reasoning; use of logical reasoning in elaborating and interpreting the shari’a or in order to deduce laws from the Qur’an and the Sunnah ijtihad jama’i ijtihad on something agreed by all the mujtahidin (qualified persons who exercise ijtihad) Inpres Instruksi Presiden (Presidential Instruction) istigfar lit. “asking God for forgiveness” istighotsah a kind of prayers asking for general safety; it is usually done by a large number of people gathered in certain places such as a mosque or courtyard Jakarta Charter Piagam Jakarta; a name used by Muslim political activists to refer to a document produced on 22 June 1945 jihad striving; exertion directed, individually or collectively, towards the...