Building the New Man: Eugenics, Racial Science and Genetics in Twentieth-Century Italy

Contents

vii Outlining the problem c o n t en t s Acknowledgements  ix Introduction  1 CHAPTER I Between Lombroso and Pareto: the Italian Way to Eugenics  9 1. Lombroso’s Way: the Problem of Degeneration  10 2. Pareto’s Way: the Problem of the Elite  21 3. The Italian Committee of Eugenic Studies  40 CHAPTER II Eugenics and Dysgenics of War  43 1. War as Counter-selection  44 2. War as Gymnasium  55 3. War as Laboratory  58 4. Eugenics and the “Sons of the Enemy”  64 CHAPTER III Regenerating Italy (1919–1924)  69 1. Ettore Levi and the IPAS Campaign for Birth Control  75 2. A Concrete Proposal: Premarital Certificates  90 3. Sterilization and Euthanasia  107 4. The Work of the “Useless”: Mental Hygiene in Italy  118 med_03___ok.indd 7 2011-04-12 13:32:03 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER IV Quality through Quantity: Eugenics in Fascist Italy  135 1. Corrado Gini’s Hegemony: Demography and “Regenerative” Eugenics  147 2. Constitutionalism and “Latin” Eugenics: Nicola Pende’s Biotypological Institute  192 3. Demography and Biotypology: the Laboratory of Statistics at Milan Catholic University  214 CHAPTER V Eugenics and Racism (1938–1943)  223 1. Biological Racism and Hereditarian Eugenics  225 2. Environmentalist Eugenics: Psychological and Anthropo-geographical Racism  246 3. Esoteric-traditionalist Racism and Eugenics: Julius Evola  263 4. Assortative Mating and Racism  268 5. Toward a National Genetic Center  272 CHAPTER VI Toward a New Eugenics  285 1. SIGE Schisms: Genetics against Eugenics  288 2. From Premarital Examination to Genetic Counseling  309 3. Eugenics and Catholic Medical Genetics: Luigi Gedda and the “Gregorio Mendel” Institute  335 CHAPTER VII Against UNESCO: Italian Eugenics and American Scientific Racism  353 1. The IAAEE and The Mankind Quarterly (1959–1965)  354 2. Meticciato di Guerra: Luigi Gedda and Reginald Ruggles Gates  356 3. Corrado Gini and the “Guerrilla War” against UNESCO  362 4. Epilogue: Race and Modern Science  378 Conclusions  381 Bibliography  387 Index of Names  419 med_03___ok.indd 8 2011-04-12 13:32:03 ...