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METROPOLITAN ANDRZEJ SZEPTYCKI: ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE HOUSE OF LORDS IN VIENNA Title: Address delivered at the House of Lords in Vienna Originally published: Stenographische Protokolle über die Sitzungen des Herrenhauses des Reichsrates 1909 bis 1911 XX. Session (1. bis 15. Sitzung), Wien, k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1911, pp. 286–287. Language: German The excerpts used are from the original. About the author Roman Maria Aleksander Szeptycki (Andrei Sheptytsky) [1865, Przyłbice near Lviv (Ukr. Prylbychi, present-day Ukraine) – 1944, Lviv]: clergyman and Ukrainian national leader. Szeptycki was Uniate bishop of Stanisławów (Ukr. IvanoFrankivsk , present-day Ukraine), metropolitan of Halicz (Ukr. Halich, present day Ukraine), archbishop of Lviv (Pol. Lwów, Ger. Lemberg), bishop of Kamieniec Podolski (Ukr. Kamianets-Podilskyi, present-day Ukraine), and a central figure of the Uniate community. He was born into an aristocratic Polish Catholic family with Ruthenian roots. His ancestors were already leading the Greek Catholic Church in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the seventeenth century. He studied law and theology in Cracow and Breslau (Pol. Wrocław, present-day Poland). Szeptycki ’s early decision to become a monk in a Greek Catholic Basilian Order was unwillingly accepted by his father, who conditioned his agreement on performing his Austrian military service and completing his studies. In 1888 with the acceptance of his family, Roman became a monk and changed his secular names to Andrzej (Ukr. Andrei). In 1899 he was nominated bishop of Stanisławów and in 1900 he became metropolitan of the Uniate Church. Szeptycki was devoted to ecumenism and he supported every attempt to reunite the whole Orthodox Church with the Catholic. At the same time, he advocated cultural rights of the Ukrainian population in Galicia. From 1901 until 1914, he was active as a member of the Galician Diet, and from 1903 until 1914, in the ‘House of Lords’ of the Viennese Parliament and the ‘Imperial Ministerial Council.’ Szeptycki established the ‘Studite Brethren’ and introduced the congregation of Redemptorists into Galicia. In 1914, when the Russian army entered Lviv, he was arrested and sent to Kiev, Novgorod and finally to Kursk. Freed in 1917, Szeptycki returned home to support the attempts to create an independent Ukrainian state. At the same time, he was trying to mitigate a Polish–Ukrainian military clash in Eastern Galicia. In the interwar Polish state, Szeptycki supported the 358 REGIONALISM, AUTONOMISM, AND THE MINORITIES liberal-nationalist Ukrainian political movement. He also launched a campaign against the anti-Orthodox policies of the Polish government in the late 1930s. In 1939 Szeptycki remained in Soviet-occupied Lviv, demanding that all the Uniate clergy stay at their posts. After the outbreak of the German–Soviet war, he officially welcomed the approaching Wehrmacht as the honorary head of the ‘Ukrainian National Council’ in Lviv. He supported the creation of the Ukrainian state administration . Nevertheless, Szeptycki soon distanced himself from the Nazi policy and organized an informal network based in Uniate monasteries which saved thousands of Jews from the Holocaust. He also tried, unsuccessfully, to influence Ukrainian partisans to stop the pogroms against Poles in Wolhynia (1943–1944). Szeptycki died in Soviet Lviv in November 1944. Two years later the Uniate Church was officially disbanded in the Soviet Union. The clergy was forced to join the Orthodox Church, while those who resisted would be persecuted. Main works: Tипикoн Cтyдитcкoї Лaвpи cв. Aнтoня Пeчepcькoгo в Cкнилoвi пiд Львoвoм [Typicon of the Studite monastery of St. Antoni Pechersky in Sknilov near Lviv] (1910); Tвopи митpoпoлитa Aндpeя Шeптицкoгo. Пacтиpcкi пocлaння дo дyхoвeнcтвa й вipних cтaниcлaвiвcькoї єпapхiї 1899–1904 [Works of the metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky. Letters to the clergy and believers of the Stanyslaviv eparchy] (1935); Пиcмa – пocлaння митpoпoлитa Aндpeя [Letters – proclamations of the metropolitan Andrei] (1961); Tвopи Cлyги бoжoгo митpoпoлитa Aндpeя Шeптицкoгo [Works of metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky, servant of God] (1965–1989). Context The Ukrainian national movement developed within the borders of two empires that shared the Ukrainian lands since the partition of Poland: Russia and Austria. While the movement was suppressed in Russia and the Ukrainians were denied their national identity, Austria’s liberal nationalities policy allowed the Ukrainians to create national cultural institutions and organizations , foremost in autonomist Galicia. However, Ukrainian national identity often interfered or...

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