Discussing Hitler: Advisers of U.S. Diplomacy in Central Europe, 1934-41

Chronology of Events, 1933–1941

CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS 1933–1941 1933 January 30: Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany February 4: Kálmán Kánya appointed Hungarian foreign minister February 27: Reichstag fire March 4: Franklin D. Roosevelt 32nd President of the United States; New Deal starts March 19: Rome Pact signed by Italy, Britain, France, and Germany March 27: Japan leaves League of Nations May 12: Federal Emergency Relief Administration provides $500 million for victims of U.S. depression May 13: Hungarian prime minister Gyula Gömbös distances himself from Hungarian National Socialist movement in Parliament May 18: Tennessee Valley Authority established for comprehensive redevelopment of Tennessee Valley region June15: Organization of Hungarian National Union Party (NEP) starts June 17: Gyula Gömbös visits Adolf Hitler in Berlin July 13: Extension of prerogatives of regent of Hungary (Act XXIIII:1933) July 23–26: Prime Minister Gömbös and Foreign Minister Kánya visit Mussolini in Rome September 14–16: Kálmán Kánya’s visit to Paris October 14: Germany leaves disarmament conference and League of Nations November 16: U.S. provides diplomatic recognition to Soviet Union December 5: Amendment XXI abolishes prohibition in U.S. 1934 January 14: Prime Minister Gömbös openly criticizes Hungarian National Socialist leader Count Sándor Festetics January 26: German-Polish treaty of friendship and non-aggression February 6: Soviet-Hungarian diplomatic relations established February 7: Austrian chancellor Dollfuss discusses potential Austrian–Hungarian–Italian alliance in Budapest February 9: Balkan Pact (an alliance of Yugoslavia, Romania, Turkey, and Greece) signed in Athens to maintain European status quo February 17: Great Britain, France, and Italy declare necessity to maintain the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Austria March 17: Rome Protocol on political and economic cooperation of Italy, Austria, and Hungary April 4: Romanian prime minister Titulescu sharply attacks Rome Protocol of March 17 April 24: Tibor Eckhardt withdraws in Parliament from demanding universal suffrage and secret ballot May: Eckhardt and Gömbös agree on Smallholders’ Party supporting the prime minister vis-à-vis Count István Bethlen June 14: Austrian chancellor Dollfuss visits Budapest July 25: Nazi coup in Vienna, Dollfuss murdered August 2: Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, president of Germany, dies August 10: Austrian chancellor Schuschnigg visits Budapest August 19: Hitler asserts personal rule, becomes Führer of Germany September 18: Soviet Union enters League of Nations October 9: Murder in Marseille: Alexander I, king of Yugoslavia, and French foreign minister Louis Barthou assassinated October 20: Gömbös discusses anti-Czechoslovak cooperation in Warsaw November 6, 8: Gömbös negotiates with Mussolini in Rome and with Schuschnigg on the Semmering December 5: Franco-Soviet agreement on an “Eastern Locarno” 1935 January 13: Plebiscite returns Saar to Germany February 8: Hungarian Communist Mátyás Rákosi sentenced to lifelong prison term March 15: Hitler repudiates military restrictions imposed by Treaty of Versailles and restores conscription in Germany April 6–7: Parliamentary elections in Hungary April 11: Victorious Entente powers (Great Britain, France, and Italy) declare common front against Germany in Stresa May 4: Foreign ministers of Italy, Austria, and Hungary negotiate in Venice; Kálmán Kánya rejects plan of a Danubian Pact May 24: Prussian prime minister Hermann Göring visits Budapest June 18: In Anglo-German naval agreement, Germany agrees that her navy will not exceed one-third of tonnage of Royal Navy August 14: Social Security Act in U.S. 340 Chronology of Events September 15: Nuremberg Laws give a racial definiton of Jews, and prohibit marriage and sexual relation between Jews and Gentiles October 2: Italian troops invade Ethiopia October 20: Tibor Eckhardt calls for cooperation against dictatorial tendencies of Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös October 24: Count István Bethlen attacks Gyula Gömbös and his government in Parliament November 28: Prime Minister Gömbös and Foreign Minister Kánya confer in Vienna December 13: Eduard Beneš follows Tomáš G. Masaryk as president of Czechoslovakia 1936 January 1: In a newspaper declaration on New Year’s Day, Count István Bethlen calls upon opposition to fight against dictatorship February 16: Popular Front wins elections in Spain March 7: German troops enter Rhineland, demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles March 11: Unpublished in Hungarian press, Horthy greets Hitler on occasion of remilitarization of Rhineland March 13–14: Austrian chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg discusses relationship of Austria and Hungary...