Blood and Homeland: Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940

Contents

Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Introduction Marius Turda and Paul J. Weindling: Eugenics, Race and Nation in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900–1940: A Historiographic Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part I. Ethnography and Racial Anthropology Egbert Klautke: German “Race Psychology” and Its Implementation in Central Europe: Egon von Eickstedt and Rudolf Hippius . . . . . . 23 Margit Berner: From “Prisoner of War Studies” to Proof of Paternity: Racial Anthropologists and the Measuring of “Others” in Austria . . . 41 Maria Teschler-Nicola: Volksdeutsche and Racial Anthropology in Interwar Vienna: The “Marienfeld Project” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Rory Yeomans: Of “Yugoslav Barbarians” and Croatian Gentlemen Scholars: Nationalist Ideology and Racial Anthropology in Interwar Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Sevasti Trubeta: Anthropological Discourse and Eugenics in Interwar Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Part II. Eugenics and Racial Hygiene in National Contexts Michal Šimu°nek: Eugenics, Social Genetics and Racial Hygiene: Plans for the Scientific Regulation of Human Heredity in the Czech Lands, 1900–1925 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Magdalena Gawin: Progressivism and Eugenic Thinking in Poland, 1905–1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Marius Turda: The First Debates on Eugenics in Hungary, 1910–1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Christian Promitzer: Taking Care of the National Body: Eugenic Visions in Interwar Bulgaria, 1905–1940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Ken Kalling: The Self-Perception of a Small Nation: The Reception of Eugenics in Interwar Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Paul J. Weindling: Central Europe Confronts German Racial Hygiene: Friedrich Hertz, Hugo Iltis and Ignaz Zollschan as Critics of Racial Hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Part III. Religion, Public Health and Population Policies Kamila Uzarczyk: “Moses als Eugeniker”? The Reception of Eugenic Ideas in Jewish Medical Circles in Interwar Poland . . . . . . 283 Monika Löscher: Eugenics and Catholicism in Interwar Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Herwig Czech: From Welfare to Selection: Vienna’s Public Health Office and the Implementation of Racial Hygiene Policies under the Nazi Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Maria Bucur: Fallen Women and Necessary Evils: Eugenic Representations of Prostitution in Interwar Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Part IV. Anti-Semitism, Nationalism and Biopolitics Răzvan Pârâianu: Culturalist Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in Fin-de-Siècle Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Attila Pók: The Politics of Hatred: Scapegoating in Interwar Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Aristotle A. Kallis: Racial Politics and Biomedical Totalitarianism in Interwar Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Roger Griffin: Tunnel Visions and Mysterious Trees: Modernist Projects of National and Racial Regeneration, 1880–1939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 vi “Blood and Homeland” ...