The Hungarian Patient: Social Opposition to an Illiberal Democracy

Illustrations

Illustrations Figures 4.1 Freedom House press freedom average rankings, Central and Eastern Europe vs. Western Europe (without Cyprus and Malta), 1993–2010 61 8.1 Path model of how national radicalist ideas are reached 152 15.1 Rating of Lukashenko vs. opposition 325 15.2 Rating of Fidesz vs. opposition 325 15.3 Proportion of records in Hungarian news programs 326 15.4 Proportion of records in Belarusian news programs 327 15.5 Foreign subsidies to Belarus and Hungary 334 16.1 Huntington’s map of world civilizations 362 Photos 8.1 Hungarian Guard recruits, March 17, 2012 136 8.2 Jobbik counterdemonstrators on their way to the One Million for the Freedom of the Press in Hungary (Milla) rally, March 15, 2012 140 8.3 Protest at the Hungarian Guard initiation ceremony, March 17, 2012 145 8.4 A veteran greeting the Hungarian Guard recruits, March 17, 2012 149 8.5 Precision and professionalism: Jobbik legal support worker at the Hungarian Guard initiation ceremony, March 17, 2012 157 9.1 Kmara Movement: Peaceful protest in Georgia, 2003 171 9.2 Orange Revolution in Ukraine, 2004 173 9.3 Peaceful protest and “street puppet theatre” demonstrating how Russia moves corrupt politicians in Bulgaria, July 2013 175 x Illustrations 9.4 Secondary School Student Network (KiHa) protest against the fourth amendment of the Fundamental Law in front of the parliament building, March 11, 2013 177 10.1 The founding fathers of the movement: Péter Kónya, Kornél Árok, Sándor Székely, and Tamás Székely, October 11, 2011 182 10.2 Creating the atmosphere for protesting 186 10.3 Péter Kónya 191 10.4 Solidarity activists blocking the road near Kecskemét when Viktor Orbán was expected to visit the town, March 2012 194 10.5 Solidarity rally, March 10, 2012 196 10.6 Solidarity march from the Chain Bridge to Elizabeth Square in Budapest, October 23, 2012 197 10.7 Solidarity march on the Chain Bridge in Budapest, October 23, 2012 200 10.8 Solidarity protest against the fourth amendment to the Fundamental Law, Budapest, March 11, 2013 201 10.9 An “increasingly radical intervention”: Preparations for the statue toppling performance, September 29, 2013 202 10.10 The head after the political street art performance, September 29, 2013 204 11.1 Milla demonstration, October 23, 2012 209 11.2 Actors Eszter Csákányi and János Kulka, regular presenters at Milla demonstrations 211 11.3 Mass demonstration in Budapest, October 23, 2012 216 11.4 Péter Juhász, the admin of the Milla FB group 220 11.5 Mass demonstration in Budapest, October 23, 2012 222 11.6 Mass demonstration in Budapest, October 23, 2012 223 11.7 Peter Juhász, Gordon Bajnai, and Péter Kónya announce the formation of E2014, October 23, 2012 225 12.1 Daniel Cohn-Bendit as guest of LMP, May 2008 239 12.2 LMP discussion evenings, November 2008 242 12.3 LMP street action: talking to people in the street, October 2008 243 12.4 András Schiffer (in dark suit behind the microphone) and the LMP leadership after the first LMP congress, September 20, 2009 244 12.5 LMP MP Ágnes Osztolykán: protest in front of the parliament building, December 23, 2011 247 Illustrations xi 12.6 The police take away the chained LMP MPs, December 23, 2011 250 12.7 Virág Kaufer delivers her speech; behind her the LMP parliamentary group together for the last time, December 23, 2011 251 13.1 Announcing the Six-Point Agenda 265 13.2 Forum in ELTE BTK, February 2012 267 13.3 “Life chain” around Corvinus University of Budapest, February 28, 2012 270 13.4 Forum in ELTE BTK, February 2012 271 13.5 HaHa protest, December 12, 2012 273 13.6 Still life during the occupation, ELTE BTK 275 13.7 HaHa demonstrates against the fourth amendment to the Fundamental Law 278 13.8 HaHa demonstration, March 2013 281 13.9 Improvised press conference before occupation of Fidesz headquarters, March 7, 2013 283 13.10 The biggest HaHa rally at night, March 11, 2013 285 14.1 Tibor Horváth: The Prime Minister of Hungary, 2012 293 14.2 Róza El-Hassan and Milica Tomić: I Am Overpopulation, 2006 296 14.3 Csaba Nemes: Remake, 2006 300 14.4 Gábor Gerhes: Lajos Kósa, 2009 304...