Strategic Asia 2007-08: Domestic Political Change and Grand Strategy

Strategic Asia 2007–08 Indicators

strategic asia 2007–08 indicators table of contents Economies Table 1: Gross domestic product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Table 2: GDP growth and inflation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Trade Table 3: Trade flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Table 4: Export partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Table 5: Import partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Investment Table 6: Flow of foreign direct investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Table 7: Origins of FDI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Population and Society Table 8: Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Table 9: Urbanization and unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Politics and International Relations Table 10: Political leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Table 11: Political rights, corruption, and globalization rankings. . . . . 411 Energy Table 12: Energy consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Table 13: Energy consumption by fuel type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Defense Spending Table 14: Total defense expenditure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Table 15: Defense expenditure as share of GDP and CGE. . . . . . . . . . . 415 Conventional Military Capabilities Table 16: Manpower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Table 17: Conventional warfare capabilities, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Weapons of Mass Destruction Table 18: Nuclear weapons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Table 19: Intercontinental ballistic missiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Table 20: Nonproliferation treaties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Table 21: WMD export control regimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Space Programs Table 22: Space programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 Table 23: Major launch sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Table 24: Operational military satellites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Indicators Strategic Asia by the Numbers The following twenty pages contain tables and figures drawn from NBR’s Strategic Asia database and its sources. This appendix consists of 24 tables covering: economic growth, trade, and foreign investment; population size, urbanization, and unemployment; politics and international relations; energy consumption; and armed forces, defense spending, conventional military capabilities, weapons of mass destruction, and space programs. The data sets presented here summarize the critical trends in the region and changes underway in the balance of power in Asia. The Strategic Asia database contains additional data for all 37 countries in Strategic Asia. Hosted on the program’s website (http:// strategicasia.nbr.org), the database is a repository for authoritative data for every year since 1990, and is continually updated. The 70 strategic indicators are arranged in 10 broad thematic areas: economy, finance, trade and investment, government spending, population, energy and environment, communications and transportation, armed forces, weapons of mass destruction, and politics and international relations. The Strategic Asia database was developed with .NET, Microsoft’s XMLbased platform, which allows users to dynamically link to all or part of the Strategic Asia data set and facilitates easy data sharing. The database also includes additional links that allow users to seamlessly access related online resources. The information for Strategic Asia by the Numbers was compiled by Strategic Asia research assistants Michael Jones and Stephanie Renzi. 402 • Strategic Asia 2007–08 Economies In 2006 the developing economies of Asia grew at their fastest pace in over a decade, with an average growth rate of 8.3%. China and India were at the forefront of this growth. Energy-exporting economies in Asia— particularly Russia and Kazakhstan—also experienced strong growth due to rising oil and gas prices. The economic growth rates in Southeast Asia were mixed due to high inflation and unfavorable investment climates in several key countries. • Despite concerns that China’s economy could overheat, China’s GDP grew at 10.5% in 2006, the highest rate since 1995. • India’s economy grew at a rate of 8.5%. In 2005 India overtook South Korea as the world’s fifth-largest economy. • The Japanese economy continues to enjoy a gradual but steady recovery, registering 2.8% growth in 2006. Despite rising domestic demand, a slightly lower growth rate of 2.7% is projected for 2007. • High interest rates and inflation in Indonesia have curbed consumer spending and investments and affected economic stability. t a b l e 1 Gross domestic product GDP ($bn constant 2000) Rank 1990 2000 2005 2004–05 growth (%) 1990 2005 United States 7,055.0 9,764.8 11,046.4 3.2 1 1 Japan 4,111.3 4,649.6 4,992.8 2.6 2 2 China 444.6 1,198.5 1,889.9 10.2 4 3 Canada 535.6 714.5 809.5 2.9 3 4 India 269.4 460.2 644.1 9.2 8 5 South Korea 283.6 511.7 637.9 4.0 6 6 Australia 280.5 399.7 468.4 2.8 7 7 Taiwan – 321.3 365.8 4.1 – 8 Russia 385.9 259.7 349.9 6.4 5 9 Hong Kong 108.4 168.8 207.9 7.3 10 10 Indonesia 109.2 165.0 207.7 5.6 9 11 Thailand 79...